SpringBoot中的事务处理

前两章节主要讲解了在SpringBoot中关于对数据的操作，本章节将介绍如何进行事务处理。所有的数据访问技术都离不开事务处理，否则将会造成数据不一致。事务是一系列的动作，一旦其中有一个动作出现错误，必须全部回滚，系统将事务中对数据库的所有已完成的操作全部撤消，滚回到事务开始的状态，避免出现由于数据不一致而导致的接下来一系列的错误。事务的出现是为了确保数据的完整性和一致性，在目前企业级应用开发中，事务管理是必不可少的。

1、SpringBoot事务机制
       事务处理机制都会提供API来开启事务、提交事务来完成数据操作，或者在发生错误的时候回滚数据，避免数据的不完整性、不一致性。

       SpringBoot事务机制实质上就是Spring的事务机制，是采用统一的机制处理来自不同数据访问技术的事务处理，提供了一个接口 PlatformTransactionManager，已经为不同数据访问技术可以进行不同的实现，如下表。
 

涉及到接口关系如下：

接口PlatformTransactionManager源码如下：

/*
 * Copyright 2002-2012 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
 
package org.springframework.transaction;
 
import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
 
/**
 * This is the central interface in Spring's transaction infrastructure.
 * Applications can use this directly, but it is not primarily meant as API:
 * Typically, applications will work with either TransactionTemplate or
 * declarative transaction demarcation through AOP.
 *
 * <p>For implementors, it is recommended to derive from the provided
 * {@link org.springframework.transaction.support.AbstractPlatformTransactionManager}
 * class, which pre-implements the defined propagation behavior and takes care
 * of transaction synchronization handling. Subclasses have to implement
 * template methods for specific states of the underlying transaction,
 * for example: begin, suspend, resume, commit.
 *
 * <p>The default implementations of this strategy interface are
 * {@link org.springframework.transaction.jta.JtaTransactionManager} and
 * {@link org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager},
 * which can serve as an implementation guide for other transaction strategies.
 *
 * @author Rod Johnson
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @since 16.05.2003
 * @see org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionTemplate
 * @see org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor
 * @see org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean
 */
public interface PlatformTransactionManager {
 
    /**
     * Return a currently active transaction or create a new one, according to
     * the specified propagation behavior.
     * <p>Note that parameters like isolation level or timeout will only be applied
     * to new transactions, and thus be ignored when participating in active ones.
     * <p>Furthermore, not all transaction definition settings will be supported
     * by every transaction manager: A proper transaction manager implementation
     * should throw an exception when unsupported settings are encountered.
     * <p>An exception to the above rule is the read-only flag, which should be
     * ignored if no explicit read-only mode is supported. Essentially, the
     * read-only flag is just a hint for potential optimization.
     * @param definition TransactionDefinition instance (can be {@code null} for defaults),
     * describing propagation behavior, isolation level, timeout etc.
     * @return transaction status object representing the new or current transaction
     * @throws TransactionException in case of lookup, creation, or system errors
     * @throws IllegalTransactionStateException if the given transaction definition
     * cannot be executed (for example, if a currently active transaction is in
     * conflict with the specified propagation behavior)
     * @see TransactionDefinition#getPropagationBehavior
     * @see TransactionDefinition#getIsolationLevel
     * @see TransactionDefinition#getTimeout
     * @see TransactionDefinition#isReadOnly
     */

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