文章目录
Web API 基本认知
DOM
DOM(Document Object Model——文档对象模型)是用来呈现以及与任意 HTML 或 XML文档交互的API
白话文:DOM是浏览器提供的一套专门用来操作网页内容的功能
DOM作用:开发网页内容特效和实现用户交互
DOM树
DOM对象(重要)
获取DOM对象
选择匹配的第一个元素
选择匹配的多个元素
其他获取DOM元素方法(了解)
设置/修改DOM元素内容
document.write()
元素innerText 属性
元素.innerHTML 属性
小案例——随机抽取的名字显示到指定的标签内部
html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./practice6.css">
</head>
<body>
抽中的选手:<div></div>
<script>
let box = document.querySelector('div')
let arr = ['赵云', '黄忠', '关羽', '张飞', '马超', '刘备', '曹操']
function getRandom(min, max) {
return Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min + 1)) + min
}
let random = getRandom(0, arr.length - 1)
box.innerHTML = arr[random]
arr.splice(random, 1)
</script>
</body>
</html>
css
div {
display: inline-block;
width: 150px;
height: 30px;
border: 1px solid orangered;
vertical-align: middle;
text-align: center;
line-height: 30px;
}
设置/修改DOM元素属性
设置/修改元素常用属性
设置/修改元素样式属性
通过 style 属性操作CSS
操作类名(className) 操作CSS
通过 classList 操作类控制CSS
设置/修改 表单元素 属性
表单属性中添加就有效果,移除就没有效果,一律使用布尔值表示,如果为true 代表添加了该属性,如果是false 代表移除了该属性
比如: disabled、checked、selected
定时器-间歇函数
开启定时器
关闭定时器
注意:
- 函数名字不需要加括号
- 定时器返回的是一个id数字
小案例——页面刷新,图片随机更换
html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./practice6.css">
</head>
<body>
<img src="" alt="">
<script>
let pic = document.querySelector('img')
function getRandom(min, max) {
return Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min + 1)) + min
}
let num = getRandom(1, 6)
pic.src = `./img/${num}.jpg`
</script>
</body>
</html>
css
img {
display: block;
height: 300px;
background-position: center center;
margin: 0 auto;
}
阅读用户协议倒计时效果小案例
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./practice6.css">
</head>
<body>
<textarea name="" id="" cols="30" rows="10">
用户注册协议
欢迎注册成为京东用户!在您注册过程中,您需要完成我们的注册流程并通过点击同意的形式在线签署以下协议,请您务必仔细阅读、充分理解协议中的条款内容后再点击同意(尤其是以粗体或下划线标识的条款,因为这些条款可能会明确您应履行的义务或对您的权利有所限制)。
【请您注意】如果您不同意以下协议全部或任何条款约定,请您停止注册。您停止注册后将仅可以浏览我们的商品信息但无法享受我们的产品或服务。如您按照注册流程提示填写信息,阅读并点击同意上述协议且完成全部注册流程后,即表示您已充分阅读、理解并接受协议的全部内容,并表明您同意我们可以依据协议内容来处理您的个人信息,并同意我们将您的订单信息共享给为完成此订单所必须的第三方合作方(详情查看
</textarea>
<br>
<button class="btn" disabled>我已经阅读用户协议(6)</button>
<script>
let btn = document.querySelector('.btn')
let i = 6
let timer = setInterval(function(){
i--
btn.innerHTML = `我已经阅读用户协议(${i})`
if (i === 0) {
clearInterval(timer)
btn.disabled = false
btn.innerHTML = `我同意该协议`
}
}, 1000)
</script>
</body>
</html>
QQ音乐焦点图切换案例
html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./practice6.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="img-box">
<img class="pic" src="./img/1.jpg" alt="">
<div class="tip">
<h3 class="text">挑战云歌单,欢迎你来</h3>
</div>
</div>
<script>
let data = [
{
imgSrc: './img/1.jpg',
title: '挑战云歌单,欢迎你来'
},
{
imgSrc: './img/2.jpg',
title: '田园日记,上演上京记'
},
{
imgSrc: './img/3.jpg',
title: '甜蜜攻势再次回归'
},
{
imgSrc: './img/4.jpg',
title: '我为歌狂,生为歌王'
},
{
imgSrc: './img/5.jpg',
title: '年度校园主题活动'
},
{
imgSrc: './img/6.jpg',
title: 'Rihood新歌发布,5月10号正式推出'
},
{
imgSrc: './img/7.jpg',
title: '动力火车来到西安'
},
{
imgSrc: './img/8.jpg',
title: '钢铁侠3,英雄镇东风'
},
{
imgSrc: './img/9.jpg',
title: '我用整颗心来等你'
},
]
let pic = document.querySelector('.pic')
let text = document.querySelector('.text')
let i = 1
setInterval(function(){
pic.src = data[i].imgSrc
text.innerHTML = data[i].title
i++
if (i > data.length - 1) {
i = 0
}
}, 3000)
</script>
</body>
</html>
css
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
body {
height: 560px;
background-color: #251D3A;
}
.img-box {
position: relative;
top: 0;
left: 0;
height: 400px;
}
.img-box img {
display: block;
height: 360px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
.img-box .tip {
position: absolute;
bottom: 0;
left: 50%;
transform: translateX(-50%);
font-size: 16px;
font-family: STKaiti;
font-weight: 600;
}
事件监听
淘宝点击关闭二维码小案例
html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./practice6.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="erweima">
<img src="./img/code.png" alt="">
<i class="close_btn">X</i>
</div>
<script>
let close_btn = document.querySelector('.close_btn')
let code = document.querySelector('.erweima')
close_btn.addEventListener('click', function() {
code.style.display = 'none'
})
</script>
</body>
</html>
css
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
.erweima {
position: relative;
width: 160px;
height: 160px;
margin: 100px auto;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
}
.erweima i {
position: absolute;
left: -11px;
top: 0;
width: 8px;
height: 10px;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
border-right: 0;
font-size: 12px;
line-height: 10px;
color: #ccc;
font-style: normal;
cursor: pointer;
}
随机点名小案例
html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./practice6.css">
</head>
<body>
<div>开始点名</div>
<button>点名</button>
<script>
let box = document.querySelector('div')
let btn = document.querySelector('button')
let arr = ['赵云', '黄忠', '关羽', '张飞', '马超', '刘备', '曹操']
function getRandom(min, max) {
return Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min + 1)) + min
}
btn.addEventListener('click', function() {
let random = getRandom(0, arr.length - 1)
box.innerHTML = arr[random]
arr.splice(random, 1)
if (arr.length === 0) {
btn.disabled = true
btn.innerHTML = '点名结束'
}
})
</script>
</body>
</html>
css
div {
width: 200px;
height: 40px;
border: 1px solid pink;
text-align: center;
line-height: 40px;
}
button {
width:100px;
height: 50px;
background-color: blanchedalmond;
}
随机点名案例
html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./practice6.css">
</head>
<body>
<h2>随机抽题</h2>
<div class="box">
<span>问题是:</span>
<div class="qs">这里显示问题</div>
</div>
<div class="btns">
<button class="start">开始</button>
<button class="end">结束</button>
</div>
<script>
let arr = ['为什么天空是蔚蓝色的', '为什么我国北方的春天和秋天特别短', '我国北方春天的风沙为什么特别大', '夏天为什么常常有雷阵雨', '人眼有几百万像素', '镜子是什么颜色的', '我们为什么要睡觉']
function getRandom(min, max) {
return Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min + 1)) + min
}
let start = document.querySelector('.start')
let end = document.querySelector('.end')
let qs = document.querySelector('.qs')
let timer = 0
let random = 0
start.addEventListener('click', function() {
timer = setInterval(function() {
random = getRandom(0, arr.length - 1)
qs.innerHTML = arr[random]
}, 60)
if(arr.length === 1) {
start.disabled = end.disabled = true
}
})
end.addEventListener('click', function() {
clearInterval(timer)
arr.splice(random, 1)
})
</script>
</body>
</html>
css
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
h2 {
text-align: center;
}
.box {
display: flex;
width: 600px;
margin: 50px auto;
font-size: 25px;
line-height: 40px;
}
.qs {
width: 450px;
height: 40px;
color: red;
}
.btns {
text-align: center;
}
.btns button {
width: 120px;
height: 35px;
margin: 0 50px;
}
事件监听版本
事件类型
小米搜索框案例
html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./practice6.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="mi">
<input type="search" placeholder="小米笔记本">
<ul class="result-list">
<li><a href="#">全部商品</a></li>
<li><a href="#">小米11</a></li>
<li><a href="#">小米10S</a></li>
<li><a href="#">小米笔记本</a></li>
<li><a href="#">小米手机</a></li>
<li><a href="#">黑鲨4</a></li>
<li><a href="#">空调</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<script>
let search = document.querySelector('input[type=search]')
let list = document.querySelector('.result-list')
search.addEventListener('focus', function() {
search.classList.add('search')
list.style.display = 'block'
})
search.addEventListener('blur', function() {
search.classList.remove('search')
list.style.display = 'none'
})
</script>
</body>
</html>
css
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
ul {
list-style: none;
}
.mi {
position: relative;
width: 223px;
margin: 100px auto;
}
.mi input {
width: 223px;
height: 48px;
padding: 0 10px;
font-size: 14px;
line-height: 48px;
border: 1px solid #e0e0e0;
outline: none;
}
.mi .search {
border: 1px solid #ff6700;
}
.result-list {
display: none;
position: absolute;
left: 0;
top: 48px;
width: 223px;
border: 1px solid #ff6700;
border-top: 0;
background: #fff;
}
.result-list a {
display: block;
padding: 6px 15px;
font-size: 12px;
color: #424242;
text-decoration: none;
}
.result-list a:hover {
background-color: #eee;
}
或者用mouseenter和mouseleave搭配使用
html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./practice6.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="mi">
<input type="search" placeholder="小米笔记本">
<ul class="result-list">
<li><a href="#">全部商品</a></li>
<li><a href="#">小米11</a></li>
<li><a href="#">小米10S</a></li>
<li><a href="#">小米笔记本</a></li>
<li><a href="#">小米手机</a></li>
<li><a href="#">黑鲨4</a></li>
<li><a href="#">空调</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<script>
let search = document.querySelector('input[type=search]')
let list = document.querySelector('.result-list')
search.addEventListener('mouseenter', function() {
search.classList.add('search')
list.style.display = 'block'
})
search.addEventListener('mouseleave', function() {
search.classList.remove('search')
list.style.display = 'none'
})
</script>
</body>
</html>
css
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
ul {
list-style: none;
}
.mi {
position: relative;
width: 223px;
margin: 100px auto;
}
.mi input {
width: 223px;
height: 48px;
padding: 0 10px;
font-size: 14px;
line-height: 48px;
border: 1px solid #e0e0e0;
outline: none;
transition: all .6s;
}
.mi .search {
border: 1px solid #ff6700;
}
.result-list {
display: none;
position: absolute;
left: 0;
top: 48px;
width: 223px;
border: 1px solid #ff6700;
border-top: 0;
background: #fff;
}
.result-list a {
display: block;
padding: 6px 15px;
font-size: 12px;
color: #424242;
text-decoration: none;
}
.result-list a:hover {
background-color: #eee;
}
微博输入案例
html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./practice6.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="w">
<div class="controls">
<img src="./img/tip.png" alt="">
<br>
<textarea placeholder="说点什么吧..." id="area" cols="30" rows="10" maxlength="200"></textarea>
<div>
<span class="useCount">0</span>
<span>/</span>
<span>200</span>
<button id="send">发布</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="contentList">
<ul>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<script>
let area = document.querySelector('#area')
let useCount = document.querySelector('.useCount')
area.addEventListener('input', function() {
useCount.innerHTML = area.value.length
})
</script>
</body>
</html>
css
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
ul {
list-style: none;
}
.w {
width: 900px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
.controls textarea {
width: 878px;
height: 100px;
/* resize 属性规定是否可由用户调整元素的尺寸。
none 用户无法调整元素的尺寸。
*/
resize: none;
border-radius: 10px;
outline:none;
padding-left: 20px;
padding-top:10px;
font-size: 18px;
font-family: 'Console';
}
.controls {
overflow: hidden;
}
.controls div {
float: right;
}
.controls div span {
color:#666;
vertical-align: middle;
}
.controls div .useCount {
color:red;
}
.controls div button {
width: 100px;
outline: none;
border:none;
background: rgb(0, 132, 255);
height: 30px;
cursor: pointer;
color:#fff;
font: bold 14px '宋体';
transition: all .5s;
}
.controls div button:hover {
background: rgb(0, 225, 255);
}
.controls div button:disabled {
background: rgba(0, 225, 255,0.5);
}
.contentList {
margin-top:50px;
}
.contentList li {
padding: 20px 0;
border-bottom: 1px dashed #ccc;
}
.contentList li .info {
position: relative;
}
.contentList li .info span {
position: absolute;
top:15px;
left:100px;
font:bold 16px '宋体';
}
.contentList li .info p {
position: absolute;
top:40px;
left: 100px;
color:#aaa;
font-size: 12px;
}
.contentList img {
width: 80px;
border-radius: 50%;
}
.contentList li .content {
padding-left: 100px;
color: #666;
word-break: break-all;
}
全选文本框案例
html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./practice6.css">
</head>
<body>
<table>
<tr>
<th class="allCheck">
<input type="checkbox" name="" id="checkAll">
<span class="text">全选</span>
</th>
<th>商品</th>
<th>商家</th>
<th>价格</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<input type="checkbox" name="check" class="ck">
</td>
<td>小米手机</td>
<td>小米</td>
<td>¥1999</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<input type="checkbox" name="check" class="ck">
</td>
<td>小米净水器</td>
<td>小米</td>
<td>¥4999</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<input type="checkbox" name="check" class="ck">
</td>
<td>小米电视</td>
<td>小米</td>
<td>¥5999</td>
</tr>
</table>
<script>
let checkAll = document.querySelector('#checkAll')
let cks = document.querySelectorAll('.ck')
let text = document.querySelector('.text')
checkAll.addEventListener('click', function() {
for(let i = 0; i < cks.length; i++) {
cks[i].checked = checkAll.checked
}
if (checkAll.checked) {
text.innerHTML = '取消'
}
else {
text.innerHTML = '全选'
}
})
for (let i = 0; i < cks.length; i++) {
cks[i].addEventListener('click', function () {
for (let j = 0; j < cks.length; j++) {
if (cks[j].checked === false) {
checkAll.checked = false
text.innerHTML = '全选'
return
}
}
checkAll.checked = true
text.innerHTML = '取消'
})
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
css
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
table {
border-collapse: collapse;
border-spacing: 0;
border: 1px solid #c0c0c0;
width: 500px;
margin: 100px auto;
text-align: center;
}
table th {
background-color: #09c;
font: bold 20px "微软雅黑";
color: #fff;
height: 24px;
padding: 8px;
border: 1px solid #c0c0c0;
}
td {
border: 1px solid #c0c0c0;
color: #404060;
padding: 10px;
}
.allCheck {
width: 80px;
}
购物车加减操作
html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./practice6.css">
</head>
<body>
<div>
<input type="text" id="total" value="1" readonly>
<input type="button" value="+" id="add">
<input type="button" value="-" id="reduce" disabled>
</div>
<script>
let total = document.querySelector('#total')
let add = document.querySelector('#add')
let reduce = document.querySelector('#reduce')
add.addEventListener('click', function() {
total.value++
reduce.disabled = false
})
reduce.addEventListener('click', function () {
total.value--
if (total.value <= 1) {
reduce.disabled = true
}
})
</script>
</body>
</html>
css
div {
width: 80px;
}
input[type=text] {
width: 50px;
height: 44px;
outline: none;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
border-right: 0;
text-align: center;
border-right: 0;
}
input[type=button] {
height: 24px;
width: 22px;
cursor: pointer;
}
input {
float: left;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
}
高阶函数
高阶函数可以被简单理解为函数的高级应用,JavaScript 中函数可以被当成【值】来对待,基于这个特性实现函数的高级应用。
【值】就是 JavaScript 中的数据,如数值、字符串、布尔、对象等。
函数表达式
回调函数
如果将函数 A 做为参数传递给函数 B 时,我们称函数 A 为回调函数
简单理解: 当一个函数当做参数来传递给另外一个函数的时候,这个函数就是回调函数
环境对象(this)
排他思想小案例
html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./practice6.css">
</head>
<body>
<button>No.1</button><button class="orangered">No.2</button><button>No.3</button><button>No.4</button><button>No.5</button><button>No.6</button>
<script>
let btns = document.querySelectorAll('button')
for (let i = 0; i < btns.length; i++) {
btns[i].addEventListener('click', function () {
// for (let j = 0; j < btns.length; j++) {
// btns[j].classList.remove('orangered')
// }
document.querySelector('.orangered').classList.remove('orangered')
this.classList.add('orangered')
})
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
css
button {
margin: 10px;
}
.orangered {
background-color: orangered;
}
Tab栏切换
html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./practice6.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="wrapper">
<ul class="tab">
<li class="tab-item active">国际大牌
<span>◆</span>
</li>
<li class="tab-item">国妆名牌
<span>◆</span>
</li>
<li class="tab-item">清洁用品
<span>◆</span>
</li>
<li class="tab-item">男士精品</li>
</ul>
<div class="products">
<div class="main active">
<!--
1、#:当点击链接时,页面会跳到网页头部
2、###:页面不会跳到头部,显示当前的位置
-->
<a href="###"><img src="./img/guojidapai.jpg" alt="" /></a>
</div>
<div class="main">
<a href="###"><img src="./img/guozhuangmingpin.jpg" alt="" /></a>
</div>
<div class="main">
<a href="###"><img src="./img/qingjieyongpin.jpg" alt="" /></a>
</div>
<div class="main">
<a href="###"><img src="./img/nanshijingpin.jpg" alt="" /></a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script>
let lis = document.querySelectorAll('.tab .tab-item')
let divs = document.querySelectorAll('.products .main')
for (let i = 0; i < lis.length; i++) {
lis[i].addEventListener('click', function () {
document.querySelector('.tab .active').classList.remove('active')
this.classList.add('active')
document.querySelector('.products .active').classList.remove('active')
divs[i].classList.add('active')
})
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
css
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
ul {
list-style: none;
}
.wrapper {
width: 1000px;
height: 600px;
margin: 0 auto;
margin-top: 100px;
}
.tab {
border: 1px solid #ddd;
border-bottom: 0;
height: 36px;
width: 322px;
}
.tab li {
position: relative;
float: left;
width: 80px;
height: 34px;
padding: 0 5px 0;
line-height: 33px;
text-align: center;
font-size: 16px;
cursor: pointer;
border-top: 3px solid #fff;
}
.tab span {
position: absolute;
right: 0;
top: 7px;
background: #ddd;
width: 1px;
height: 21px;
overflow: hidden;
}
.products {
width: 1002px;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
height: 475px;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.products .main {
float: left;
display: none;
}
.products .main.active {
display: block;
}
.tab li.active {
border-color: red;
border-bottom: 0;
}