5-6 Java 运算符

Java 运算符

算术运算符

表格中实例假设整数变量 A 的值为10,变量 B 的值为20;

举例：

public class Test {
 
  public static void main(String[] args) {
     int a = 10;
     int b = 20;
     int c = 25;
     int d = 25;
     System.out.println("a + b = " + (a + b) );
     System.out.println("a - b = " + (a - b) );
     System.out.println("a * b = " + (a * b) );
     System.out.println("b / a = " + (b / a) );
     System.out.println("b % a = " + (b % a) );
     System.out.println("c % a = " + (c % a) );
     System.out.println("a++   = " +  (a++) );
     System.out.println("a--   = " +  (a--) );
     // 查看  d++ 与 ++d 的不同
     System.out.println("d++   = " +  (d++) );
     System.out.println("++d   = " +  (++d) );
  }
}

运行结果为：

a + b = 30
a - b = -10
a * b = 200
b / a = 2
b % a = 0
c % a = 5
a++   = 10
a--   = 11
d++   = 25
++d   = 27

前缀自增自减法(++a,–a):先进行自增或者自减运算，再进行表达式运算。

后缀自增自减法(a++,a–):先进行表达式运算，再进行自增或者自减运算。

关系运算符

表格中实例整数变量 A 的值为10,变量 B 的值为20.

public class Test {
 
  public static void main(String[] args) {
     int a = 10;
     int b = 20;
     System.out.println("a == b = " + (a == b) );
     System.out.println("a != b = " + (a != b) );
     System.out.println("a > b = " + (a > b) );
     System.out.println("a < b = " + (a < b) );
     System.out.println("b >= a = " + (b >= a) );
     System.out.println("b <= a = " + (b <= a) );
  }
}

运行结果为：

a == b = false
a != b = true
a > b = false
a < b = true
b >= a = true
b <= a = false

位运算符

位运算符作用在所有的位上，并且按位运算。假设a = 60，b = 13;它们的二进制格式表示将如下：

A = 0011 1100
B = 0000 1101
-----------------
A&B = 0000 1100
A | B = 0011 1101
A ^ B = 0011 0001
~A= 1100 0011

下表列出了位运算符的基本运算，假设整数变量 A 的值为 60 和变量 B 的值为 13：

举例：

public class Test {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
     int a = 60; /* 60 = 0011 1100 */ 
     int b = 13; /* 13 = 0000 1101 */
     int c = 0;
     c = a & b;       /* 12 = 0000 1100 */
     System.out.println("a & b = " + c );
 
     c = a | b;       /* 61 = 0011 1101 */
     System.out.println("a | b = " + c );
 
     c = a ^ b;       /* 49 = 0011 0001 */
     System.out.println("a ^ b = " + c );
 
     c = ~a;          /*-61 = 1100 0011 */
     System.out.println("~a = " + c );
 
     c = a << 2;     /* 240 = 1111 0000 */
     System.out.println("a << 2 = " + c );
 
     c = a >> 2;     /* 15 = 1111 */
     System.out.println("a >> 2  = " + c );
  
     c = a >>> 2;     /* 15 = 0000 1111 */
     System.out.println("a >>> 2 = " + c );
  }
} 

运行结果：

a & b = 12
a | b = 61
a ^ b = 49
~a = -61
a << 2 = 240
a >> 2  = 15
a >>> 2 = 15

逻辑运算符

假设布尔变量 A 为真， 变量 B 为假

举例：

public class Test {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
     boolean a = true;
     boolean b = false;
     System.out.println("a && b = " + (a&&b));
     System.out.println("a || b = " + (a||b) );
     System.out.println("!(a && b) = " + !(a && b));
  }
}

运行结果：

a && b = false
a || b = true
!(a && b) = true

其中 && 也称短路逻辑运算符，只有两个操作数均为 true时，结果才为true.

赋值运算符

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int a = 10;
        int b = 20;
        int c = 0;
        c = a + b;
        System.out.println("c = a + b = " + c );
        c += a ;
        System.out.println("c += a  = " + c );
        c -= a ;
        System.out.println("c -= a = " + c );
        c *= a ;
        System.out.println("c *= a = " + c );
        a = 10;
        c = 15;
        c /= a ;
        System.out.println("c /= a = " + c );
        a = 10;
        c = 15;
        c %= a ;
        System.out.println("c %= a  = " + c );
        c <<= 2 ;
        System.out.println("c <<= 2 = " + c );
        c >>= 2 ;
        System.out.println("c >>= 2 = " + c );
        c >>= 2 ;
        System.out.println("c >>= 2 = " + c );
        c &= a ;
        System.out.println("c &= a  = " + c );
        c ^= a ;
        System.out.println("c ^= a   = " + c );
        c |= a ;
        System.out.println("c |= a   = " + c );
    }
}

运行结果

c = a + b = 30
c += a  = 40
c -= a = 30
c *= a = 300
c /= a = 1
c %= a  = 5
c <<= 2 = 20
c >>= 2 = 5
c >>= 2 = 1
c &= a  = 0
c ^= a   = 10
c |= a   = 10

其他运算符

• 条件运算符

variable x = (expression) ? value if true : value if false

举例：

public class Test {
   public static void main(String[] args){
      int a , b;
      a = 10;
      // 如果 a 等于 1 成立，则设置 b 为 20，否则为 30
      b = (a == 1) ? 20 : 30;
      System.out.println( "Value of b is : " +  b );
 
      // 如果 a 等于 10 成立，则设置 b 为 20，否则为 30
      b = (a == 10) ? 20 : 30;
      System.out.println( "Value of b is : " + b );
   }
}

结果：

Value of b is : 30
Value of b is : 20

• instanceof 运算符

该运算符用于操作对象实例，检查该对象是否是一个特定类型（类类型或接口类型）。

举例1：

String name = "James";
boolean result = name instanceof String; // 由于 name 是 String 类型，所以返回真

举例2：

class Vehicle {}
 
public class Car extends Vehicle {
   public static void main(String[] args){
      Vehicle a = new Car();
      boolean result =  a instanceof Car;
      System.out.println( result);
   }
}

结果：

true

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