1. 什么是yum仓库?
yum仓库就是使用yum命令下载软件的镜像地址。
我们通常使用yum install
命令来在线安装 linux系统的软件, 这种方式可以自动处理依赖性关系,并且一次安装所有依赖的软件包。众所周知,从国外下载软件速度非常慢,很多情况下都无法下载。国内一些大公司做镜像同步国外的软件, 那么我们可能使用国内的下载地址,就能下载我们需要的软件。
yum的配置文件
yum 的配置文件在/etc/yum.repos.d
目录下, 其中有多个配置文件,每一个配置文件中都可以配置一个或多个repository
, 但是最终会被合并为一个交给系统,所以多个文件只是为了方便管理。
2. yum仓库配置
2.1 配置 清华大学镜像仓库
地址: https://mirrors.cnnic.cn/
页面提供CentOS 7 与 8的配置
2.2 配置步骤
下面列出的是CentOS7
的配置
(1)、首先备份 CentOS-Base.repo
[root@localhost ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.bak
(2)、之后启用 TUNA 软件仓库, 将清华大学镜像仓库信息写入 /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
将 CentOS-Base.repo 中的内容 更新为 下面的内容:
# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
(3)、清除缓存
yum clean all # 清除系统所有的yum缓存
yum makecache # 生成yum缓存
3. epel源安装和配置
(1)、安装 epel
yum install -y epel-release
(2)、配置阿里镜像提供的epel源
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-7.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
(3)、清除缓存
yum clean all # 清除系统所有的yum缓存
yum makecache # 生成yum缓存
4. 查看yum源
查看所有的yum源:
yum repolist all
查看可用的yum源:
yum repolist enabled