eclipse新建Maven web项目全过程

项目介绍

       这篇文章主要是针对使用**eclipse**建立简单的**maven web**（利用**SSM**实现简单的用户登录），细节和建立项目的小问题都已经罗列，适合新手建立人生第一个maven项目，这个项目是为了写博客从头开始建的，亲测有效，。下面直接开干：

运行环境

Tomcat7(8.5的运行不起来，别的就不知道了，建议还是7)
mysql8.0（mysql5的话需要修改下applicationContext.xml的数据源配置和pom.xml的jar包）
eclipse(带有maven插件)
jdk1.8
maven(已配置本地仓库和阿里镜像，jar包下起来快点)

数据库

sql文件

CREATE DATABASE `db_maven` ;

USE `db_maven`;

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_user`;

CREATE TABLE `t_user` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `userName` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  `password` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

insert  into `t_user`(`id`,`userName`,`password`) values (1,'java1234','123456');

eclipse的maven插件修改

修改Maven目录下的Installations和User Settings

更换为自己下载的本地maven,以及maven中conf\settings.xml

---

maven的编译环境要从jre换成jdk

window/preference 搜索jre，找到Installed JREs,添加自己的jdk

---

新建maven web

找到Maven下的Maven Project

勾选Create a simple project（跳过骨架）

Group Id为公司名
Artifact Id为项目名
Packaging选择war
然后Finish

eclipse的webapp目录为空，需要手动修改

项目右击，找到Properties

找到Project Facets,点击Convert to faceted form(有的直接会显示出来，不需要点这个)

勾选Dynamic web moudle 和JavaScript,如果Dynamic web moudle已勾选，取消后再勾选，底部会出现further configuration available

点击下方的further configuration available(配置webapp)

web文件要在src/main/webapp下创建，一定要勾选下方的小框

基本框架搭建完毕

---

目录结构

需要添加的配置文件，代码和jsp文件已在图中标出

---

项目所需的配置文件

1. pom.xml
2. applicationContext.xml
3. jdbc.properties
4. log4j.properties
5. mybatis-config.xml
6. spring-mvc.xml
7. UserMapper.xml
8. web.xml

pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.zms</groupId>
  <artifactId>maven_third</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  
  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <spring.version>4.1.7.RELEASE</spring.version>
  </properties>
  
  <dependencies>
    
    <dependency>
		<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
		<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
		<version>3.3.0</version>
	</dependency>
	
	<dependency>
		<groupId>mysql</groupId>
		<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
		<version>8.0.17</version>
	</dependency>
	
	<dependency>
		<groupId>log4j</groupId>
		<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
		<version>1.2.17</version>
	</dependency>
  
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.12</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    
    
    
    
    
    
    <!-- spring 所有核心包 -->
		<dependency>
  		<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
  		<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
  		<version>${spring.version}</version>
  	</dependency>
  	<dependency>
  		<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
  		<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
  		<version>${spring.version}</version>
  	</dependency>
  	<dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
         <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
  	<dependency>
  		<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
  		<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
  		<version>${spring.version}</version>
  	</dependency>
  	<dependency>
  		<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
  		<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
  		<version>${spring.version}</version>
  	</dependency>
  	<dependency>
		<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
		<version>${spring.version}</version>
	</dependency>
  	
  	<dependency>
		<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
		<version>${spring.version}</version>
	</dependency>
	
	<dependency>
		<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
		<version>${spring.version}</version>
	</dependency>
	
	
	<dependency>
		<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
		<version>${spring.version}</version>
	</dependency>

	
	<dependency>
		<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
		<version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
	</dependency>
  
	  <dependency>
		<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
		<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
		<version>1.2.3</version>
	</dependency>

	
	
	
	
	
	<!-- 添加Servlet支持 -->
  	<dependency>
		<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
		<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
		<version>3.1.0</version>
	</dependency>
	
	<dependency>
		<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
		<artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
		<version>2.3.1</version>
	</dependency>
	
	<!-- 添加jtl支持 -->
	<dependency>
		<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
		<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
		<version>1.2</version>
	</dependency>
	
	
    
  </dependencies>
</project>

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>    
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"   
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"  
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"   
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  
    xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"  
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"  
    xsi:schemaLocation="    
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-4.0.xsd  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd">    
        
	<!-- 自动扫描 -->
	<context:component-scan base-package="com.zms.service" />
	
	<!-- 配置数据源 -->
	<!--加载属性文件-->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"></context:property-placeholder>
    <!--数据资源-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
       <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
        <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
    </bean>

	<!-- 配置mybatis的sqlSessionFactory -->
	<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
		<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
		<!-- 自动扫描mappers.xml文件 -->
		<property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:UserMapper.xml"></property>
		<!-- mybatis配置文件 -->
		<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"></property>
	</bean>

	<!-- DAO接口所在包名，Spring会自动查找其下的类 -->
	<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
		<property name="basePackage" value="com.zms.dao" />
		<property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"></property>
	</bean>

	<!-- (事务管理)transaction manager, use JtaTransactionManager for global tx -->
	<bean id="transactionManager"
		class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
		<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
	</bean>
	
	<!-- 配置事务通知属性 -->  
    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">  
        <!-- 定义事务传播属性 -->  
        <tx:attributes>  
            <tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED" />  
            <tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED" />  
            <tx:method name="edit*" propagation="REQUIRED" />  
            <tx:method name="save*" propagation="REQUIRED" />  
            <tx:method name="add*" propagation="REQUIRED" />  
            <tx:method name="new*" propagation="REQUIRED" />  
            <tx:method name="set*" propagation="REQUIRED" />  
            <tx:method name="remove*" propagation="REQUIRED" />  
            <tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED" />  
            <tx:method name="change*" propagation="REQUIRED" />  
            <tx:method name="check*" propagation="REQUIRED" />  
            <tx:method name="get*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true" />  
            <tx:method name="find*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true" />  
            <tx:method name="load*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true" />  
            <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true" />  
        </tx:attributes>  
    </tx:advice>  
  
    <!-- 配置事务切面 -->  
    <aop:config>  
        <aop:pointcut id="serviceOperation"  
            expression="execution(* com.zms.service.*.*(..))" />  
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="serviceOperation" />  
    </aop:config>  
    
   
</beans>

jdbc.properties

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_maven?useUnicode=true&amp&characterEncoding=utf8&amp&serverTimezone=UTC
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=131421qaz

log4j.properties

log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG, Console  
  
#Console  
log4j.appender.Console=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender  
log4j.appender.Console.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout  
log4j.appender.Console.layout.ConversionPattern=%d [%t] %-5p [%c] - %m%n  
  
log4j.logger.java.sql.ResultSet=INFO  
log4j.logger.org.apache=INFO  
log4j.logger.java.sql.Connection=DEBUG  
log4j.logger.java.sql.Statement=DEBUG  
log4j.logger.java.sql.PreparedStatement=DEBUG 

mybatis-config.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
	<!-- 别名 -->
	<typeAliases>
		<package name="com.zms.entity"/>
	</typeAliases>
</configuration>

spring-mvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>    
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"   
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"  
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"   
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  
    xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"  
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"  
    xsi:schemaLocation="    
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-4.0.xsd  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd">    

  

	<!-- 使用注解的包，包括子集 -->
	<context:component-scan base-package="com.zms.controller" />

	<!-- 视图解析器 -->
	<bean id="viewResolver"
		class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
		<property name="prefix" value="/" />
		<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
	</bean>

</beans> 

UserMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.zms.dao.UserDao">

	<select id="login" parameterType="User" resultType="User">
		select * from t_user where userName=#{userName} and password=#{password}
	</select>
	
	
</mapper> 

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
  <display-name>maven_third</display-name>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
  
  
  <!-- Spring配置文件 -->
	<context-param>
		<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
		<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
	</context-param>
	<!-- 编码过滤器 -->
	<filter>
		<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
		<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
		<async-supported>true</async-supported>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>encoding</param-name>
			<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
		</init-param>
	</filter>
	<filter-mapping>
		<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
		<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
	</filter-mapping>
	<!-- Spring监听器 -->
	<listener>
		<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
	</listener>
	
	<!-- 添加对springmvc的支持 -->
	<servlet>
		<servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
		<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
			<param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
		</init-param>
		<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
		<async-supported>true</async-supported>
	</servlet>
	<servlet-mapping>
		<servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
		<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
	</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

---

代码

1. UserController.java
2. UserDao.java
3. User.java
4. UserService.java
5. UserServiceImpl.java
6. index.jsp
7. success.jsp

       //1. UserController.java
package com.zms.controller;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import com.zms.entity.User;
import com.zms.service.UserService;

/**
 * 用户Controller层
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {

	@Autowired
	private UserService userService;
	
	/**
	 * 用户登录
	 * @param user
	 * @param request
	 * @return
	 */
	@RequestMapping("/login")
	public String login(User user,HttpServletRequest request){
		User resultUser=userService.login(user);
		if(resultUser==null){
			request.setAttribute("user", user);
			request.setAttribute("errorMsg", "用户名或密码错误！");
			return "index";
		}else{
			HttpSession session=request.getSession();
			session.setAttribute("currentUser", resultUser);
			return "redirect:/success.jsp";
		}
	}
}

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    
    //2. UserDao.java
package com.zms.dao;

import com.zms.entity.User;

/**
 * 用户DAO接口
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public interface UserDao {
	
	public User login(User user);
}



-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    
    //3. User.java
package com.zms.entity;

/**
 * 用户实体
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class User {

	private Integer id; // 编号
	private String userName; // 用户名
	private String password; // 密码
	
	public Integer getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(Integer id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getUserName() {
		return userName;
	}
	public void setUserName(String userName) {
		this.userName = userName;
	}
	public String getPassword() {
		return password;
	}
	public void setPassword(String password) {
		this.password = password;
	}
	
	
}



-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    
    //4. UserService.java
package com.zms.service;

import com.zms.entity.User;

/**
 * 用户Service接口
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public interface UserService {

	public User login(User user);
}




-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    
    //5. UserServiceImpl.java
package com.zms.service.impl;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import com.zms.dao.UserDao;
import com.zms.entity.User;
import com.zms.service.UserService;

/**
 * 用户Service实现类
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
@Service("userService")
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{

	@Autowired
	private UserDao userDao;
	
	public User login(User user) {
		return userDao.login(user);
	}

}

<!-- 6. index.jsp -->
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/user/login.do" method="post">
	userName:<input type="text" name="userName" value="${user.userName }"/><br/>
	password:<input type="password" name="password" value="${user.password }"><br/>
	<input type="submit" value="login"/><font color="red">${errorMsg }</font>
</form>
</body>
</html>

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

<!-- 7. success.jsp -->

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
欢迎：${currentUser.userName }
</body>
</html>

细节补充

• 代码搞定之后，项目右击，查看Properties中的Deployment Assembly,检查Maven Dependencies是否添加（有时候update project的时候会消失，或者一开始就没有）

添加的时候点击Add , 双击Java Build Path，双击Maven Dependencies

• 配置文件applicationContext.xml没有问题但第一行报错

  eclipse的bug，点击project然后clean
  project->clean会将工程中的.class文件删除，同时重新编译工程
  

• update project
  当Maven工程被做了一些改变后（主要是结构上的改变，比如从外部导入maven项目时），必须让maven重新生成或修改相关文件。否则eclipse将不知道变化。这时候需要运行update project（项目右击找到maven，找到这个选项），来更新相对应的eclipse的**.classpath文件，来更新它，让eclipse知道这个包是buildpath**。
  

---

最后就可以丢进Tomcat里运行了。以下是运行结果截图

---

后记

       最后的最后发表下获奖感言（这里扯下淡），主要是发牢骚，这个maven_4是第二个成功运行的maven项目（毕竟接触maven才3天），之前是直接导入的学习视频的源码，由于eclipse，jdk，mysql等等的版本原因，控制台直接炸了，修了一天的bug还没修好（不过倒是对eclipse建maven有了点认识），这里建议新手不要直接导入别人的源码，充满了对萌新深深的恶意。后来找了许多博客和视频，明明按照博客一步步来的，建出来的目录结构就是不一样，要么就只能显示出hello world，后来刷到尚硅谷的一段视频才发现eclipse建maven web就是个坑，webapp下啥也没有，需要手动操作。摸爬滚打了三天三夜才有了这个项目，感觉不写篇博客都对不起自己，第一次写博客，请多见谅，大佬请尽管批评，反正我会自动跳过。