非谓语动词

1.to+动词原形或动词原形+ing

1.1、动词不定式

• 动词不定式：由to+动词原形构成。可以做主语，宾语，宾补，定语，表语和状语。
• 主语：
  1. To get there by bike will take us an hour.
• 宾语：
  1. The driver failed to see the car in time.
• 宾补：
  1. We believe him to be guilty.
• 定语：
  1. The next train to arrive is from Guizhou.
• 表语和状语
  1. My suggestion is to put off the meeting.
  2. I come here only to say goodbye to you.

1.2、动名词

• 动词原形+ing可作动名词用，具有动词的特征和变化形式，但在句子中的用法功能类同名词，在句子可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。它也可以被副词修饰或者支配宾语。
• 例句：
  1. Readingis an art.
  2. They went on walking and never stopped talking.
  3. Your task is quickly cleaning the sindows.
  4. This is a reading room.

2、假主语/真主语和不定式/动名词的否定式

2.1、形式主语

• to 不定式或动名词可以在主语的位置上，但一般用it代替它作形式主语，这种情况it叫形式主语。
• 例句：
  1. It’s a great honor to be invited.
  2. It is no use crying over spilt mike.

2.2、形式宾语

• 在宾语的位置上，用it代替它作形式宾语，这种情况it叫形式宾语。
• 例句：
  1. We think it important to learn English.
  2. I found it pleaseant walking in the park.

2.3、动名词或不定式否定

• 对动名词或不定式进行否定时，在不定式或动名词前加not否定就可以了。
• 例句：
  1. He pretended not to see her.
  2. He regrets not joining them.

3、to不定式表示目的

1. in order to+动词表示目的。
2. so as to+动词表示目的。
3. 由in order to引导的目的状语，置于句首，句尾均可。由so as to引导的目的状语，只能置于句尾。

• 例句：
  1. I‘ve written it down in order to remember it.
  2. He shouted and waved so as to be noticed.

4. 它们的否定形式分别在to前加not。

• 例句：
  1. I’ve written in down in order not to forget it.
  2. He said nothing so as not to be noticed.

4、常见的不定式和动名词句型

• 包含不定式和动名词的一些固定接口

1. too~to···；太···以至于不能···

• 例句：
  1. The room is too small to live.

2. enough+名词+to+动词/形容词+enough+to+动词：足够···可以···

• 例句：
  1. There is enough food to eat.
  2. The box is big enough to contain six apple.

3. On——ing：~一···就···

• 例句：
  1. On seeing the snake，the gril was ver frightened.

4. There is no hope of~ing：没希望···

• 例句：
  1. There is no hope of seeing hime.

5. feel like——ing：想要~

• 例句：
  1. I feel like eating ice cream now.

6. have a hard time——ing：想~艰难

• 例句：
  1. They have a hard time solving the problem themselves.

5、现在分词/过去分词/分词句

5.1、现在分词

• 动词+ing可称为动名词，也可以称为现在分词。
• 例句：
  1. Writing books is his job.
  2. He is writing a book.

5.2、过去分词

• 动词的过去分词形式可称为动词的过去分词，用在完成时和被动语态当中。
• 例句：
  1. He has written the homework.
  2. The homework is written.

5.3、分词句

• 分词句式包含现在分词和过去分词的分句。
• 例句：
  1. The students went out of the classroom,laughing and talking.
  2. Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station.