文章目录
1.to+动词原形或动词原形+ing
1.1、动词不定式
- 动词不定式:由to+动词原形构成。可以做主语,宾语,宾补,定语,表语和状语。
- 主语:
To get there by bike
will take us an hour.
- 宾语:
- The driver failed
to see the car
in time.
- The driver failed
- 宾补:
- We believe him
to be guilty
.
- We believe him
- 定语:
- The next train
to arrive
is from Guizhou.
- The next train
- 表语和状语
- My suggestion is
to put off the meeting
. - I come here only
to say goodbye to you
.
- My suggestion is
1.2、动名词
- 动词原形+ing可作动名词用,具有动词的特征和变化形式,但在句子中的用法功能类同名词,在句子可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。它也可以被副词修饰或者支配宾语。
- 例句:
Reading
is an art.- They went on
walking
and never stoppedtalking
. - Your task is quickly
cleaning the sindows
. - This is a
reading
room.
2、假主语/真主语和不定式/动名词的否定式
2.1、形式主语
- to 不定式或动名词可以在主语的位置上,但一般用it代替它作形式主语,这种情况it叫形式主语。
- 例句:
1. It’s a great honorto be invited
.
2. It is no usecrying over spilt mike
.
2.2、形式宾语
- 在宾语的位置上,用it代替它作形式宾语,这种情况it叫形式宾语。
- 例句:
- We think it important
to learn English
. - I found it pleaseant
walking in the park
.
- We think it important
2.3、动名词或不定式否定
- 对动名词或不定式进行否定时,在不定式或动名词前加not否定就可以了。
- 例句:
- He pretended
not to see her
. - He regrets
not joining them
.
- He pretended
3、to不定式表示目的
in order to+动词
表示目的。so as to+动词
表示目的。- 由
in order to
引导的目的状语,置于句首,句尾均可。由so as to
引导的目的状语,只能置于句尾。
- 例句:
- I‘ve written it down
in order to
remember it. - He shouted and waved
so as to
be noticed.
- I‘ve written it down
- 它们的否定形式分别在to前加not。
- 例句:
- I’ve written in down
in order not to
forget it. - He said nothing
so as not to
be noticed.
- I’ve written in down
4、常见的不定式和动名词句型
- 包含不定式和动名词的一些固定接口
- too~to···;太···以至于不能···
- 例句:
- The room is
too small to
live.
- The room is
- enough+名词+to+动词/形容词+enough+to+动词:足够···可以···
- 例句:
- There is
enough food to
eat. - The box is
big enough to
contain six apple.
- There is
- On——ing:~一···就···
- 例句:
On seeing
the snake,the gril was ver frightened.
- There is no hope of~ing:没希望···
- 例句:
- There is no hope of seeing hime.
- feel like——ing:想要~
- 例句:
I feel like eating
ice cream now.
- have a hard time——ing:想~艰难
- 例句:
- They
have a hard time solving the problem themselves
.
- They
5、现在分词/过去分词/分词句
5.1、现在分词
- 动词+ing可称为动名词,也可以称为现在分词。
- 例句:
- Writing books is his job.
- He is writing a book.
5.2、过去分词
- 动词的过去分词形式可称为动词的过去分词,用在完成时和被动语态当中。
- 例句:
- He has written the homework.
- The homework is written.
5.3、分词句
- 分词句式包含现在分词和过去分词的分句。
- 例句:
- The students went out of the classroom,
laughing and talking
. Accompanied
by his friend, he went to the railway station.
- The students went out of the classroom,