Linux的网络相关的配置

Linux的网络相关的配置

一、在ifconfig上修改配置

1.1 查看IP

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig  #命令
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:5B:91:34  # 连接类型 硬件的MAC地址
          inet addr:172.16.11.71  Bcast:172.16.11.255  Mask:255.255.255.0 #IP 子网  掩码
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe5b:9134/64 Scope:Link #IPV6的地址情况
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1 # 网卡是否开启(RUNNING代表的是网卡的网线被连接上) 支持组播  MTU最大传输单元
          RX packets:6927 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 #发送和接收数据包的统计情况
          TX packets:176 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:454214 (443.5 KiB)  TX bytes:16906 (16.5 KiB) #接收、发送数据字节数统计信息;       

1.2 查看所有网卡

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig -a
eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:5F:7A:F9  
          inet addr:172.16.11.55  Bcast:172.16.11.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe5f:7af9/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:19492 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:293 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:1411302 (1.3 MiB)  TX bytes:29952 (29.2 KiB)
	lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:12 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:12 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:720 (720.0 b)  TX bytes:720 (720.0 b)

1.3 关闭网卡

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0 down关闭网卡

1.4 开启网卡

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0 up激活网卡

1.5 为网卡配置IPV6的地址及删除

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth1 add 33ff:3333:8000:1002::2/64 立即生效,重启丢弃
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:5F:7A:F9  
          inet addr:172.16.11.55  Bcast:172.16.11.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: 33ff:3333:8000:1002::2/64 Scope:Global
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe5f:7af9/64 Scope:Link
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth1 del 33ff:3333:8000:1002::2/64
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:5F:7A:F9  
          inet addr:172.16.11.55  Bcast:172.16.11.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe5f:7af9/64 Scope:Link

1.6 设置IP地址和掩码及网关 :立即生效,重启丢弃

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0 172.16.1.3 netmask 255.255.0.0 
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0 172.16.1.3 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.16.1.255
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:AA:BB:CC:DD:FF  
          inet addr:172.16.1.3  Bcast:172.16.1.255  Mask:255.255.0.0
设置网关:
[root@localhost 桌面]# route add default gw 172.16.11.1
[root@localhost 桌面]# route  #查看网关
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
172.16.11.0     *               255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 eth1
default         172.16.11.1     0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 eth1

1.7 修改MAC地址: 立即生效,重启丢弃

[root@localhost 桌面]# ifconfig eth1 hw ether 00:AA:BB:CC:DD:FF
[root@localhost 桌面]# ifconfig
eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:AA:BB:CC:DD:FF

1.8 启用网卡ARP协议或关闭:立即生效,重启丢弃

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0 arp 
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0 -arp 

1.9 设置网卡的最大传输单元 :立即生效,重启丢弃

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0 mtu 1500

1.10 网卡的DNS配置

本地解析
[root@localhost 桌面]# cd /
[root@localhost /]# cd /etc/
[root@localhost etc]# cat hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

1.11 DNS的服务器IP地址设置

[root@localhost /]# cd /etc/
[root@localhost etc]# ls resolv.conf 
resolv.conf
[root@localhost etc]# cat resolv.conf 
# Generated by NetworkManager
nameserver 61.139.2.69
nameserver 202.98.96.68

1.12 Linux网卡的子接口

[root@localhost etc]# ifconfig eth1:2 172.16.11.71
[root@localhost etc]# ifconfig eth1:3 172.16.11.72 netmask 255.255.255.0
[root@localhost etc]# ifconfig eth1:4 172.16.11.73 netmask 255.255.255.0
[root@localhost etc]# ifconfig
eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:AA:BB:CC:DD:FF  
          inet addr:172.16.11.239  Bcast:172.16.11.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe5f:7af9/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:28040 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:617 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:1995398 (1.9 MiB)  TX bytes:68237 (66.6 KiB)
eth1:2    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:AA:BB:CC:DD:FF  
          inet addr:172.16.11.71  Bcast:172.16.255.255  Mask:255.255.0.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
eth1:3    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:AA:BB:CC:DD:FF  
          inet addr:172.16.11.72  Bcast:172.16.11.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
eth1:4    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:AA:BB:CC:DD:FF  
          inet addr:172.16.11.73  Bcast:172.16.11.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1

总结:

通过ifconfig配置的所有参数都是临时生效,要永久的生效必须修改配置文件,配置文件修改必须重启相应的服务才会立即生效(DHCP DNS TELNET --------HTTP)

二、修改配置文件

2.1 永久修改IP地址(工作中的应用方式)

[root@localhost network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
HWADDR=00:0C:29:5B:91:34
TYPE=Ethernet
UUID=e9d70dee-77ba-4336-a75d-76e8a20f1c49
ONBOOT=yes
NM_CONTROLLED=yes
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vi ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
HWADDR=00:0C:29:5B:91:34
TYPE=Ethernet
UUID=e9d70dee-77ba-4336-a75d-76e8a20f1c49
ONBOOT=yes
NM_CONTROLLED=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR=172.16.11.239
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATWAY=172.16.11.1
DNS1=8.8.8.8
IPV6INIT=no
USERCTL=no
Linux修改配置文件一定要重启相关服务才会立即生效
[root@localhost network-scripts]# service network stop
正在关闭接口 eth0: 设备状态:3 (断开连接)
                                                           [确定]
关闭环回接口:                                             [确定]
[root@localhost network-scripts]# service network start
弹出环回接口:                                             [确定]
弹出界面 eth0: 活跃连接状态:激活的
活跃连接路径:/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/2
                                                           [确定]
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:5B:91:34  
          inet addr:172.16.11.239  Bcast:172.16.11.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe5b:9134/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:41189 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:542 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:2984634 (2.8 MiB)  TX bytes:48640 (47.5 KiB)
lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:22 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:22 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:2648 (2.5 KiB)  TX bytes:2648 (2.5 KiB)
[root@localhost network-scripts]# service network restart
正在关闭接口 eth0: 设备状态:3 (断开连接)
                                                           [确定]
关闭环回接口:                                             [确定]
弹出环回接口:                                             [确定]
弹出界面 eth0: 活跃连接状态:激活的
活跃连接路径:/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/3
                                                           [确定]

2.2 全局修改网关或者DNS或者主机名:

[root@localhost /]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=localhost.localdomain
GATEWAY=172.16.11.1

2.3 修改DNS服务器

[root@localhost /]# cat /etc/resolv.conf
# Generated by NetworkManager
nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 61.139.2.69
nameserver 202.98.96.68

2.4修改主机名

[root@localhost /]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=Train-open01
GATEWAY=172.16.1.1

三、实验

3.1 通过手工设置IP地址使Linux主要能够上网

  1. 配置代码:

    [root@localhost 桌面]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
    [root@localhost network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth1
    [root@localhost network-scripts]# vi ifcfg-eth1
    	EVICE=eth1
        HWADDR=00:0C:29:5F:7A:F9
        TYPE=Ethernet
        UUID=e9d70dee-77ba-4336-a75d-76e8a20f1c49
        ONBOOT=yes
        NM_CONTROLLED=yes
        BOOTPROTO=static
        IPADDR=172.16.11.238
        NETMASK=255.255.255.0
        GATWAY=172.16.11.1
        DNS1=8.8.8.8
        IPV6INIT=no
        USERCTL=no
    [root@localhost network-scripts]# service network restart
    
  2. 实验截图:

3.2两台Linux服务器通过手工配置IP地址实现互相通信并且能上网

配置同上
实验截图:在这里插入图片描述

  • 1
    点赞
  • 1
    收藏
    觉得还不错? 一键收藏
  • 0
    评论

“相关推荐”对你有帮助么?

  • 非常没帮助
  • 没帮助
  • 一般
  • 有帮助
  • 非常有帮助
提交
评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值