安卓开发（android）intent解释以及通过intent调用电话，地图，短信...........等

作用：可以将 intent 理解成 activity 之间的粘合剂，不管是自己建的activity还是自带的(比如电话activity)。Intent是一个将要执行的动作的抽象的描述，一般来说是作为参数来使用，由 Intent来协助完成 Android各个组件之间的通讯。
先看一下运行截图：
点击哪一个按钮对应开启相对功能。

直接上代码：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<ScrollView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:background="@drawable/bj"
    >
    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:orientation="vertical">
        <TextView
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="150dp"
            android:textSize="25dp"
            android:background="@drawable/bj2"
            android:textColor="@color/colorAccent"
            android:text="


                     已开启老人模式   "/>
        <Button
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:background="@drawable/shape"
            android:text="电话"
            android:textColor="@color/colorAccent"
            android:layout_marginBottom="8dp"
            android:id="@+id/firsta"/>

        <Button
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="短信"
            android:textColor="@color/colorAccent"
            android:background="@drawable/shape"
            android:layout_marginBottom="8dp"
            android:id="@+id/firstb"/>

        <Button
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_marginBottom="8dp"
            android:text="百度"
            android:textColor="@color/colorAccent"
            android:background="@drawable/shape"
            android:id="@+id/firstc"/>
        <Button
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_marginBottom="8dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="邮箱"
            android:textColor="@color/colorAccent"
            android:background="@drawable/shape"
            android:id="@+id/firstd"/>

        <Button
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_marginBottom="8dp"
            android:text="地图"
            android:textColor="@color/colorAccent"
            android:background="@drawable/shape"
            android:id="@+id/firste"/>
        <Button
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_marginBottom="8dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="多媒体"
            android:textColor="@color/colorAccent"
            android:background="@drawable/shape"
            android:id="@+id/firstf"/>


        <Button
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_marginBottom="8dp"
            android:text="图片"
            android:textColor="@color/colorAccent"
            android:background="@drawable/shape"
            android:id="@+id/firsth"/>
        <Button
            android:layout_marginBottom="8dp"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="拍照"
            android:textColor="@color/colorAccent"
            android:background="@drawable/shape"
            android:id="@+id/firsti"/>
        <Button
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_marginBottom="8dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="安装设备"
            android:textColor="@color/colorAccent"
            android:background="@drawable/shape"
            android:id="@+id/firstj"/>
        <Button
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_marginBottom="8dp"
            android:text="系统设置"
            android:textColor="@color/colorAccent"
            android:background="@drawable/shape"
            android:id="@+id/firstk"/>

    </LinearLayout>

</ScrollView>

package com.example.intentapp;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.provider.MediaStore;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;

import java.io.File;


public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private Button buttona;
    private Button buttonb;
    private Button buttonc;
    private Button buttond;
    private Button buttone;
    private Button buttonf;
    private Button buttonh;
    private Button buttoni;
    private Button buttonj;
    private Button buttonk;
    private Button buttonl;


    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        buttona = (Button) findViewById(R.id.firsta);
        buttonb = (Button) findViewById(R.id.firstb);
        buttonc = (Button) findViewById(R.id.firstc);
        buttond = (Button) findViewById(R.id.firstd);
        buttone = (Button) findViewById(R.id.firste);
        buttonf = (Button) findViewById(R.id.firstf);
        buttonh = (Button) findViewById(R.id.firsth);
        buttoni = (Button) findViewById(R.id.firsti);
        buttonj = (Button) findViewById(R.id.firstj);
        buttonk = (Button) findViewById(R.id.firstk);

        setListeners();
    }
    public  void setListeners(){
        OnClick onClick=new OnClick();
        buttona.setOnClickListener(onClick);
        buttonb.setOnClickListener(onClick);
        buttonc.setOnClickListener(onClick);
        buttond.setOnClickListener(onClick);
        buttone.setOnClickListener(onClick);
        buttonf.setOnClickListener(onClick);
        buttonh.setOnClickListener(onClick);
        buttoni.setOnClickListener(onClick);
        buttonj.setOnClickListener(onClick);
        buttonk.setOnClickListener(onClick);
    }

    private class OnClick implements View.OnClickListener{
        @Override
        public  void onClick(View v) {
            Intent intent = null;
            Uri uri;
            switch (v.getId()){
                case R.id.firsta:
                    //跳转到login
                    // 调用拨打电话，给10010拨打电话
                     uri = Uri.parse("tel:17660946113");
                     intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DIAL, uri);
                    break;
                case R.id.firstb:
                    //跳转到login
                    // 调用拨打电话，给10010拨打电话
                    // 给10010发送内容为“Hello”的短信
                    uri = Uri.parse("smsto:10010");
                     intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri);
                    intent.putExtra("sms_body", "Hello");
                    break;
                case R.id.firstc:
                    // 打开百度主页
                    uri = Uri.parse("https://www.baidu.com");
                     intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);
                    break;
                case R.id.firstd:
                    //发邮箱
                    uri = Uri.parse("mailto:someone@domain.com");
                    intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri);
                    break;
                case R.id.firste:
                    // 打开Google地图中国北京位置（北纬39.9，东经116.3）
                     uri = Uri.parse("geo:39.9,116.3");
                     intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);
                    break;
                case R.id.firstf:
                 intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
                 uri = Uri.parse("file:///sdcard/foo.mp3");
                 intent.setDataAndType(uri, "audio/mp3");
                 uri = Uri.withAppendedPath(MediaStore.Audio.Media.INTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, "1");
                 intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);
                break;
                case R.id.firsth:
                 intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);
                intent.setType("image/*");
                 break;
                case R.id.firsti:
                    // 打开拍照程序
                 intent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
                 break;
                case R.id.firstj:
                String fileName = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/myApp.apk";
                 intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
                intent.setDataAndType(Uri.fromFile(new File(fileName)),
                        "application/vnd.android.package-archive");
                break;
                case R.id.firstk:
                    // 进入系统设置界面
                    intent = new Intent(android.provider.Settings.ACTION_SETTINGS);
                    startActivity(intent);
                    break;
            }
            startActivity(intent);
        }
    }

}