图形用户界面(Graphical User Interface,简称 GUI,又称图形用户接口)是指采用图形方式显示的计算机操作用户界面。
先上一个简单的窗口(Frame)
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Frame;
public class TestFrame {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//Frame
Frame frame = new Frame("我的第一个java图像界面窗口");
//需要设置可见性 width height
frame.setVisible(true);
//设置窗口大小
frame.setSize(400, 400);
//设置背景颜色 Color
frame.setBackground(new Color(85,150,68));
//弹出的初始位置
frame.setLocation(200, 200);
//设置大小固定
frame.setResizable(false);
}
}

布局管理器
FlowLayout(流式布局管理器)
Panel(面板)默认的布局管理器。
import java.awt.Button;
import java.awt.FlowLayout;
import java.awt.Frame;
public class TestFlowLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
//按钮——组件
Button button = new Button("button1");
Button button2 = new Button("button2");
Button button3 = new Button("button3");
//设置为流使式布局
frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));
frame.setSize(200, 200);
//将按钮添加上去
frame.add(button);
frame.add(button2);
frame.add(button3);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}

BorderLayout(边界布局管理器)
东,南,西,北,中
Frame默认的布局管理器。
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Button;
import java.awt.Frame;
public class TestBorderLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
Button east = new Button("East");
Button west = new Button("West");
Button south = new Button("South");
Button north = new Button("North");
Button center = new Button("Center");
frame.add(east, BorderLayout.EAST);
frame.add(west, BorderLayout.WEST);
frame.add(south, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
frame.add(north, BorderLayout.NORTH);
frame.add(center, BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.setSize(200, 200);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}

GridLayout(网格布局管理器)
import java.awt.Button;
import java.awt.Frame;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
public class TestGridLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame("TestGridLayout");
Button btn1 = new Button("btn1");
Button btn2 = new Button("btn2");
Button btn3 = new Button("btn3");
Button btn4 = new Button("btn4");
Button btn5 = new Button("btn5");
Button btn6 = new Button("btn6");
frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));
frame.add(btn1);
frame.add(btn2);
frame.add(btn3);
frame.add(btn4);
frame.add(btn5);
frame.add(btn6);
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}

Panel(面板)
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Frame;
import java.awt.Panel;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import java.awt.event.WindowListener;
//可以看成是一个空间,但是不能单独存在
public class TestPanel {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
//布局的概念
Panel panel = new Panel();
//设置布局
frame.setLayout(null);
//坐标
frame.setBounds(300, 300, 500, 500);
frame.setBackground(new Color(40,161,35));
//panel设置坐标,相对于frame
panel.setBounds(50, 50, 400, 400);
panel.setBackground(new Color(193,15,60));
//frame.add(panel)
frame.add(panel);
frame.setVisible(true);
//监听事件,监听窗口关闭事件 System.exit(0)
//适配器模式:
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
//窗口点击关闭的时候需要做的事情
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}

事件处理监听器
按钮触发事件
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Button;
import java.awt.Frame;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestActionEvent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//按下按钮,触发一些事件
Frame frame = new Frame();
Button button = new Button();
frame.add(button,BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.pack();
windowClose(frame);
frame.setVisible(true);
//因为addActionListener()需要一个ActionListener(接口),所以我们需要构造一个ActionListener
MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener();
button.addActionListener(myActionListener);
}
//关闭窗体事件
private static void windowClose(Frame frame) {
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
//事件监听
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
System.out.println("5464");
}
}
两个按钮实现同一个监听
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Button;
import java.awt.Frame;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class TestActionTwo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//两个按钮实现同一个监听
//开始 停止
Frame frame = new Frame("开始-停止");
Button button1 = new Button("start");
Button button2 = new Button("stop");
//可以显示定义触发返回的命令,否则,返回默认的值
button2.setActionCommand("button2-stop");
MyMonitor myMonitor = new MyMonitor();
button1.addActionListener(myMonitor);
button2.addActionListener(myMonitor);
frame.add(button1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
frame.add(button2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
class MyMonitor implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//获取按钮上的信息
System.out.println("按钮被点击了"+e.getActionCommand());
}
}
实现一个简易的计算器
import java.awt.Button;
import java.awt.FlowLayout;
import java.awt.Frame;
import java.awt.Label;
import java.awt.TextField;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class TestCalc {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Calculator();
}
}
//计数器类
class Calculator extends Frame{
public Calculator() {
//3个文本框
TextField num1 = new TextField(10);
TextField num2 = new TextField(10);
TextField num3 = new TextField(20);
//一个按钮
Button button = new Button("=");
button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(num1, num2, num3));
//1个标签
Label label = new Label("+");
//布局
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
add(num1);
add(label);
add(num2);
add(button);
add(num3);
pack();
setVisible(true);
}
}
//监听器类
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
//获取三个变量
private TextField num1,num2,num3;
public MyCalculatorListener(TextField num1,TextField num2,TextField num3) {
this.num1=num1;
this.num2=num2;
this.num3=num3;
}
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//1.获得加数和被加数
int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
//2.将这个值+法运算后,放到第三个框
num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
//清除两个框
num1.setText("");
num2.setText("");
}
}

画笔
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Frame;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Point;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.awt.event.MouseListener;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
public class TestMouseListener {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyFrame("画画");
}
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
//画画需要画笔,需要监听鼠标当前的位置,需要集合来存储这个点
ArrayList points;
public MyFrame(String title) {
super(title);
setBounds(200, 200, 400, 300);
//存鼠标点击的点
points=new ArrayList<>();
setVisible(true);
//鼠标监听器,正对这个窗口
this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());
}
@Override
public void paint(Graphics g) {
//画画,监听鼠标的事件
Iterator iterator = points.iterator();
while(iterator.hasNext()) {
Point point=(Point) iterator.next();
g.setColor(Color.blue);
g.fillOval(point.x, point.y, 10, 10);
}
}
//添加一个点到界面上
public void addPaint(Point point) {
points.add(point);
}
//适配器模式
private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter{
//鼠标 按下、弹起、按住不放
@Override
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
MyFrame frame=(MyFrame) e.getSource();
//这个点击的时候,就会在界面产生一个点!画
//这个点就是鼠标的点
frame.addPaint(new Point(e.getX(),e.getY()));
//每次点击鼠标都需要重新画一遍
frame.repaint();
}
}
}

画图(代码下方)
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Frame;
import java.awt.Graphics;
public class TestPaint {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyPaint().loadFrame();
}
}
class MyPaint extends Frame{
public void loadFrame() {
setBounds(200, 200, 600, 500);
setVisible(true);
}
//画笔
public void paint(Graphics g) {
//画笔需要有颜色,可以画画
//g.setColor(Color.red);
g.drawOval(100, 100, 100, 100);
g.fillOval(100, 100, 100, 100);//实心圆
//g.setColor(Color.GREEN);
g.fillRect(150, 200, 200, 200);
//画笔用完,将它还原到最初的颜色
}
}

注意:paint方法是applet继承自awt中的Component的方法,会在对象加载时自动调用,用来绘制该组件内部的所有内容。如果想重新调用该方法中执行的操作可以使用repaint()方法。
文本框
import java.awt.Frame;
import java.awt.TextField;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class TestText01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//启动!
MyFrame1 myFrame = new MyFrame1();
}
}
class MyFrame1 extends Frame{
public MyFrame1() {
TextField textField = new TextField();
add(textField);
//监听这个文本框输入的文字
MyActionListener2 myActionListener2 = new MyActionListener2();
//按下回车就会触发事件
textField.addActionListener(myActionListener2);
//设置替换编码
textField.setEchoChar('*');
setVisible(true);
pack();
}
}
class MyActionListener2 implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
TextField field=(TextField)e.getSource();//获得一些资源,返回的一个对象
System.out.println(field.getText());//获得输入框的文本
field.setText("");
}
}

JFrame
JFrame
import java.awt.Color;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.WindowConstants;
public class JFrameDemo {
//init(); 初始化
public void init() {
JFrame jf = new JFrame("这是一个JFrame窗口");
jf.setVisible(true);
jf.setBounds(100, 100, 200, 200);
jf.setBackground(Color.cyan);
//设置文字Label
JLabel label = new JLabel("你好");
jf.add(label);
//关闭事件
jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//建立一个窗口
new JFrameDemo().init();
}
}

JPanel
import java.awt.Container;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.WindowConstants;
public class JPanelDemo extends JFrame{
public JPanelDemo() {
Container container = this.getContentPane();
container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1,10,10));//后面的参数是间距
JPanel jPanel1 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,3));
jPanel1.add(new JButton("1"));
jPanel1.add(new JButton("2"));
jPanel1.add(new JButton("3"));
container.add(jPanel1);
setSize(500, 500);
setVisible(true);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JPanelDemo();
}
}

滚动条(JScroll)
import java.awt.Container;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JScrollPane;
import javax.swing.JTextArea;
import javax.swing.WindowConstants;
public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame{
public JScrollDemo() {
Container container = getContentPane();
//文本域
JTextArea jTextArea = new JTextArea(20,50);
jTextArea.setText("你好");
//Scroll面板
JScrollPane jScrollPane = new JScrollPane(jTextArea);
container.add(jScrollPane);
setBounds(100, 100, 300, 350);
setVisible(true);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JScrollDemo();
}
}

弹窗
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Container;
import java.awt.Dialog;
import java.awt.Label;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JDialog;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.WindowConstants;
//主窗口
public class DialogDemo extends JFrame{
public DialogDemo() {
setVisible(true);
setSize(700, 500);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
//JFrame放东西,容器
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//绝对布局
container.setLayout(null);
//按钮
JButton button = new JButton("点击弹出一个对话框");//创建
button.setBounds(30, 30, 200, 50);
//点击这个按钮的时候,弹出一个弹窗
button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//弹窗
new MyDialogDemo();
}
});
container.add(button);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new DialogDemo();
}
}
//弹窗的窗口
class MyDialogDemo extends JDialog{
public MyDialogDemo() {
setVisible(true);
setBounds(100, 100, 500, 500);
Container container = this.getContentPane();
container.setLayout(null);
container.add(new Label("红红火火恍恍惚惚"));
}
}

图标
import java.awt.Component;
import java.awt.Container;
import java.awt.Frame;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import javax.swing.Icon;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.SwingConstants;
import javax.swing.WindowConstants;
//图标,需要实现类,Frame继承
public class IconDemo extends JFrame implements Icon{
private int width;
private int height;
public IconDemo() {//无参构造
}
public IconDemo(int width, int height) {
this.width = width;
this.height = height;
}
public void init() {
IconDemo iconDemo = new IconDemo(15,15);
//图标可以放在标签上,也可以放在按钮上!
JLabel label = new JLabel("icontest",iconDemo,SwingConstants.CENTER);
Container container=getContentPane();
container.add(label);
setVisible(true);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new IconDemo().init();
}
@Override
public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) {
g.fillOval(x, y, width, height);
}
@Override
public int getIconWidth() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return this.width;
}
@Override
public int getIconHeight() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return this.height;
}
}
JLabel
import java.awt.Container;
import java.net.URL;
import javax.swing.ImageIcon;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.SwingConstants;
import javax.swing.WindowConstants;
public class ImageIconDemo extends JFrame{
public ImageIconDemo() {
//获取图片的地址
JLabel label = new JLabel("ImageIcon");
URL url = ImageIconDemo.class.getResource("浣熊.jpg");
ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);
label.setIcon(imageIcon);
label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
Container container = getContentPane();
container.add(label);
setVisible(true);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
setBounds(100, 100, 200, 200);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new ImageIconDemo();
}
}
把图片放在按钮上
import java.awt.Container;
import java.net.URL;
import javax.swing.Icon;
import javax.swing.ImageIcon;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.WindowConstants;
public class JButtonDemo01 extends JFrame{
public JButtonDemo01() {
Container container = getContentPane();
//将一个图片变为图标
URL resource = JButtonDemo01.class.getResource("浣熊.jpg");
Icon icon=new ImageIcon(resource);
//把这个图标放在按钮上
JButton button = new JButton();
button.setIcon(icon);
button.setToolTipText("图片按钮");
//add
container.add(button);
setVisible(true);
setSize(500, 300);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JButtonDemo01();
}
}
单选框
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Container;
import java.net.URL;
import javax.swing.ButtonGroup;
import javax.swing.Icon;
import javax.swing.ImageIcon;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JRadioButton;
import javax.swing.WindowConstants;
public class JButtonDemo2 extends JFrame{
public JButtonDemo2() {
Container container = getContentPane();
//将一个图片变为图标
URL resource = JButtonDemo2.class.getResource("浣熊.jpg");
Icon icon=new ImageIcon(resource);
//单选框
JRadioButton radioButton1 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton01");
JRadioButton radioButton2 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton02");
JRadioButton radioButton3 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton03");
//由于单选框只能选择一个,分组,一个组里只能选一个
ButtonGroup group = new ButtonGroup();
group.add(radioButton1);
group.add(radioButton2);
group.add(radioButton3);
container.add(radioButton1,BorderLayout.CENTER);
container.add(radioButton2,BorderLayout.NORTH);
container.add(radioButton3,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
setVisible(true);
setSize(500, 300);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JButtonDemo2();
}
}

多选框
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Container;
import java.net.URL;
import javax.swing.ButtonGroup;
import javax.swing.Icon;
import javax.swing.ImageIcon;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JCheckBox;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JRadioButton;
import javax.swing.WindowConstants;
public class JButtonDemo3 extends JFrame{
public JButtonDemo3() {
Container container = getContentPane();
//将一个图片变为图标
URL resource = JButtonDemo3.class.getResource("浣熊.jpg");
Icon icon=new ImageIcon(resource);
//多选框
JCheckBox jCheckBox1 = new JCheckBox("11111111111");
JCheckBox jCheckBox2 = new JCheckBox("22222222222");
container.add(jCheckBox1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
container.add(jCheckBox2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
setVisible(true);
setSize(500, 300);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JButtonDemo3();
}
}
下拉条
import java.awt.Container;
import javax.swing.JComboBox;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.WindowConstants;
public class TestComboboxDemo01 extends JFrame{
public TestComboboxDemo01() {
Container container = getContentPane();
JComboBox status = new JComboBox();
status.addItem("正在热映");
status.addItem("已下架");
status.addItem("即将上映");
container.add(status);
setVisible(true);
setSize(500, 350);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestComboboxDemo01();
}
}
JTextField
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Container;
import java.util.Vector;
import javax.swing.JComboBox;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JList;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
import javax.swing.WindowConstants;
public class TestComboboxDemo3 extends JFrame{
public TestComboboxDemo3() {
Container container = getContentPane();
JTextField jTextField = new JTextField("hello");
JTextField jTextField2 = new JTextField("hello",20);
container.add(jTextField,BorderLayout.NORTH);
container.add(jTextField2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
setVisible(true);
setSize(500, 350);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestComboboxDemo3();
}
}
JPasswordField
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Container;
import java.util.Vector;
import javax.swing.JComboBox;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JList;
import javax.swing.JPasswordField;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
import javax.swing.WindowConstants;
public class TestComboboxDemo4 extends JFrame{
public TestComboboxDemo4() {
Container container = getContentPane();
//面板
JPasswordField jPasswordField = new JPasswordField();
jPasswordField.setEchoChar('*');//输入框显示为'*',后台获取的是实际输入的东西
container.add(jPasswordField);
setVisible(true);
setSize(500, 350);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestComboboxDemo4();
}
}

获取键盘按键
import java.awt.Frame;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
public class TestKeyListener {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new KeyFrame();
}
}
class KeyFrame extends Frame{
public KeyFrame() {
setBounds(1, 2, 300, 400);
setVisible(true);
this.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
//键盘按下
@Override
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
// 键盘按下的键是哪一个
int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();
System.out.println("keyCode");
if(keyCode==KeyEvent.VK_UP) {
System.out.println("你按下了↑键");
}
//根据按下不同操作,产生不同的结果
}
});
}
}
窗口监听器
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Frame;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestWindow {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new WindowFrame();
}
}
class WindowFrame extends Frame{
public WindowFrame() {
setVisible(true);
setBackground(Color.blue);
setBounds(100, 100, 200, 200);
//addWindowListener(new MyWindowListener());
this.addWindowListener(
//匿名内部类
new WindowAdapter() {
public void windowOpened(WindowEvent e) {
System.out.println("windowOpened");
}
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.out.println("windowClosed");
System.exit(0);
}
public void windowClosed(WindowEvent e) {
System.out.println("windowclosing");
}
public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
System.out.println("windowAction");
}
}
);
}
}
浣熊.jpg

博客围绕Java图形用户界面(GUI)开发展开,介绍了布局管理器,如流式、边界、网格布局;阐述事件处理监听器,包括按钮触发事件等,还实现简易计算器;此外,涉及JFrame、JPanel等组件,以及画笔、文本框、滚动条等功能。

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