1.原文
2. 参考译文
3. New words and expressions
★until prep.直到
- until用于表示动作、状态等的持续,可译为“一直到……为止”或“在……以前”。在肯定句中,它与表示持续性状态的动词连用,表示持续到某一时刻:
I’ll wait here until 5. 我会在这里等到5点钟。 - 在否定句中,它通常与描述短暂动作的动词连用,表示“到……为止”、“直到……才”:
She cannot arrive until 6. 她到6点才能来。
His father didn’t die until he came back. - until(后的从句)的时间终止之前,这个动作做了还是没做?做了前面的主句用肯定;没做用否定
For he __ A/C __(wait) until it stopped raining.
A. waited B. didn’t wait
A. leave B. left C. didn’t leave
★outside adv. 外面(作状语)
- He is waiting for me outside.
★ring(rang. rung) v.(铃、电话等)响
- ① vt. 鸣,(铃、电话等)响(这种响是刺耳的, 往往是提醒人做某事)
Every morning the clock rings at 6.
The telephone(door bell) is ringing.
而风铃等响要用jingle /ˈdʒɪŋɡl/ ,jingle (bell) (铃儿) 响叮当 - ② vt. 打电话给(美语中用call)
ring sb. 给某人打电话 - ③ n. (打)电话give sb. a ring
Remember to give me a ring. /Remember to ring me. - ④ n. 戒指
★aunt n. 姑,姨,婶,舅妈(所有长一辈的女性都用这个称呼)男性则是uncle: 叔叔
- 他们的孩子:cousin 堂兄妹(不分男女)cousin的孩子:nephew /ˈnefjuː/ 外甥;niece /niːs/ 外甥女
★repeat v. 重复
- ① vt. 重复
Will you repeat the last word? - ② vi. 重做,重说
Please repeat after me.
4. 课文讲解
- 1、It was Sunday.
it 指时间、天气、温度或距离,it被称为“虚主语”(empty subject)。作为第三人称单数的中性代词,it 可以指一件东西、一件事件或用来指是什么人:
It is a lovely baby. - 2、I never get up early on Sundays.
on Sundays: 所有的星期天,每逢星期天,与一般现在时连用,表示经常性的行为。
介词 on 一般用于表示某一天的时间短语中:on Monday,on Monday morning,on that day
当使用 last,next,this,that时,介词(以及定冠词)必须省略:I’ll see you next/this Friday.
never 从来不 (可以直接用在动词前面)=助动词+not (变成否定句,前面一定要加助动词)
I don’t like her.=I never like her. - 3、I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime.
在表达卧床时 bed 前不需加冠词:
It’s time for bed now.
You must stay/remain in bed for another two days. - 4、Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy.
just then: 就在那时
如果不知道对方性别, 他/她可以用 it 取代 Who are you?/Who is it? - 5、I’ve just arrived by train,
by 直接加交通工具(不能有任何修饰词, 复数);如果加修饰词, 就要换掉 by 用 in 或 on
I go out in/on two buses. (指具体的两辆车介词用 in/on )如果是特指的交通工具,则要加冠词或其他限定词:My aunt left by the 9:15 train.
by air 乘飞机 by bicycle/bike 骑自行车 by boat:乘船 by bus:乘公共汽车 by car:乘小汽车 by land :由陆路 by plane 乘飞机 by sea 由海路by ship 乘船by train 乘火车 - 6、I’m coming to see you. 我将要来看你.
用 come 的现在进行时态 be coming 表示一般将来,表示近期按计划或安排要进行的动作。同样用法的动词有:go,come,leave,arrive,land,meet,die,start,return,join… - 7、Dear me!天哪!英国人说Dear me!或My dear!
美国人说 : My god! (发啊的音)美英的发音不同.
5. Key structures
现在进行时和一般现在时
- 现在进行时表示说话的当时正在发生或正在发生的事件,也用来表示现阶段(一段时间)的动向。现在进行时常与now,just,still等副词连用:
I am working as a teacher. “现阶段”
He is still sleeping. (现在还在睡觉)
Jane is just dressing up. 简正在打扮。 - 一般现在时表示习惯性动作, 真理, 是过去、现在和未来都会发生的事情。一般现在时一般与频率副词often,always,sometimes,never,frequently,rarely,ever等连用。
Helen never writes to her brother Tony. She sometimes rings him.
频率副词往往放在句子中的实义动词前, 非实义动词后;如果既有实义动词又有非实义动词, 要放在两个之间;疑问句中副词往往放在主语后面。在否定句中not必须放在always之前,而且也出现在generally、normally、often、regularly和usually之前;not必须出现在sometimes和frequently之后。表示肯定的速记可以用在句尾;在特别强调和需要对比时,frequently、generally、normally、sometimes、usually等副词可用于句首。I get paid on Friday usually. very often the phone rings when I’m in bath. - 非实义动词 :
① 系动词(be)
② 帮助动词构成时态的助动词
③ 情态动词(must, can, may) 除此外皆实义动词.
I frequently go to bed hungry. (形容词作状语)
He went to school hungry.饿着肚子上学.
You must come here hungry.空腹来这里.
6. Special Difficulties
以what开头的感叹句:
- 在英语中可用what引导的感叹句来表示惊奇、愤怒、赞赏、喜悦等感情,在感叹中主谓语采用正常语序。
- What 对名词感叹,结构:What +a/an (+adj.)+n.(+主语+谓语)!
What a good girl (she is)! (主、谓可省)有上下文和一定的语境, 才能省略形容词。一般省形容词表示批评或不大好的意思。
What a thing to say! 多么难听的话啊!
What (a lot of) trouble( he is causing)!