VUE学习(二十一)、Vuex(getters、mapState与mapGetters、mapMutations与mapActions、多组件共享数据、模块化编码)
一、Vuex普通实现求和案例
演示
实现
1、引入Vuex(store文件下index.js)
//该文件用于创建Vuex中最为核心的store
import Vue from "vue";
/*
此处不写在App.vue中的原因
是因为应该先Vue.use(Vuex)再创建store实列对象
但是es6规定import语句先执行,如果写在App.vue中
则会出现先创建store实列对象再Vue.use(Vuex)的情况
*/
//引入Vuex
import Vuex from "vuex";
//应用Vuex插件
Vue.use(Vuex);
/*
操作数据前需要进行业务逻辑处理则写在actions中,如果仅仅直接修改数据
就没必要写在actions中,直接调用mutations就行
*/
//准备actions——用于响应组件中的动作
const actions = {
/* jia(context,value){
console.log('actions中的jia被调用了')
context.commit('JIA',value)
},
jian(context,value){
console.log('actions中的jian被调用了')
context.commit('JIAN',value)
}, */
jiaOdd(context, value) {
console.log("actions中的jiaOdd被调用了");
if (context.state.sum % 2) {
context.commit("JIA", value);
}
},
jiaWait(context, value) {
console.log("actions中的jiaWait被调用了");
setTimeout(() => {
context.commit("JIA", value);
}, 500);
}
};
/*
mutations注重于操作数据,如果操作数据前有一定的业务逻辑则写在actions中
*/
//准备mutations——用于操作数据(state)
const mutations = {
JIA(state, value) {
console.log("mutations中的JIA被调用了");
state.sum += value;
},
JIAN(state, value) {
console.log("mutations中的JIAN被调用了");
state.sum -= value;
}
};
//准备state——用于存储数据
const state = {
sum: 0 //当前的和
};
//创建并暴露store
export default new Vuex.Store({
actions,
mutations,
state
});
2、Count.vue组件
<template>
<div>
<h1>当前求和为:{{ $store.state.sum }}</h1>
<select v-model.number="n">
<option value="1">1</option>
<option value="2">2</option>
<option value="3">3</option>
</select>
<button @click="increment">+</button>
<button @click="decrement">-</button>
<button @click="incrementOdd">当前求和为奇数再加</button>
<button @click="incrementWait">等一等再加</button>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: "Count",
data() {
return {
n: 1 //用户选择的数字
};
},
methods: {
increment() {
this.$store.commit("JIA", this.n);
},
decrement() {
this.$store.commit("JIAN", this.n);
},
incrementOdd() {
this.$store.dispatch("jiaOdd", this.n);
},
incrementWait() {
this.$store.dispatch("jiaWait", this.n);
}
},
mounted() {
console.log("Count", this);
}
};
</script>
<style lang="css">
button {
margin-left: 5px;
}
* {
margin-left: 30px;
}
</style>
3、main.js(下同)
//引入Vue
import Vue from "vue";
//引入App
import App from "./App.vue";
//引入store
import store from "./store";
//关闭Vue的生产提示
Vue.config.productionTip = false;
//创建vm
new Vue({
el: "#app",
render: (h) => h(App),
store, // store配置项
beforeCreate() {
Vue.prototype.$bus = this;
}
});
4、App.vue(下同)
<template>
<div>
<Count/>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import Count from './components/Count'
export default {
name:'App',
components:{Count},
mounted() {
// console.log('App',this)
},
}
</script>
二、Vuex中的getters
1、store下的indx.js中加入如下配置
/*
适用于想要复用这些逻辑并且只针对state操作
*/
//准备getters——用于将state中的数据进行加工
const getters = {
bigSum(state) {
return state.sum * 10;
}
};
2、使用
<h3>当前求和放大10倍为:{{$store.getters.bigSum}}</h3>
三、mapState和mapGetters
1、store文件夹下的index.js
//该文件用于创建Vuex中最为核心的store
import Vue from "vue";
//引入Vuex
import Vuex from "vuex";
//应用Vuex插件
Vue.use(Vuex);
//准备actions——用于响应组件中的动作
const actions = {
/* jia(context,value){
console.log('actions中的jia被调用了')
context.commit('JIA',value)
},
jian(context,value){
console.log('actions中的jian被调用了')
context.commit('JIAN',value)
}, */
jiaOdd(context, value) {
console.log("actions中的jiaOdd被调用了");
if (context.state.sum % 2) {
context.commit("JIA", value);
}
},
jiaWait(context, value) {
console.log("actions中的jiaWait被调用了");
setTimeout(() => {
context.commit("JIA", value);
}, 500);
}
};
//准备mutations——用于操作数据(state)
const mutations = {
JIA(state, value) {
console.log("mutations中的JIA被调用了");
state.sum += value;
},
JIAN(state, value) {
console.log("mutations中的JIAN被调用了");
state.sum -= value;
}
};
//准备state——用于存储数据
const state = {
sum: 0, //当前的和
school: "xxx大学",
subject: "前端"
};
//准备getters——用于将state中的数据进行加工
const getters = {
bigSum(state) {
return state.sum * 10;
}
};
//创建并暴露store
export default new Vuex.Store({
actions,
mutations,
state,
getters
});
2、Count.vue组件
<template>
<div>
<h1>当前求和为:{{ sum }}</h1>
<h3>当前求和放大10倍为:{{ bigSum }}</h3>
<h3>我在{{ school }},学习{{ subject }}</h3>
<select v-model.number="n">
<option value="1">1</option>
<option value="2">2</option>
<option value="3">3</option>
</select>
<button @click="increment">+</button>
<button @click="decrement">-</button>
<button @click="incrementOdd">当前求和为奇数再加</button>
<button @click="incrementWait">等一等再加</button>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import { mapState, mapGetters } from "vuex";
export default {
name: "Count",
data() {
return {
n: 1 //用户选择的数字
};
},
computed: {
//靠程序员自己亲自去写计算属性(等同于...mapState(["sum", "school", "subject"]))
/*
sum(){
return this.$store.state.sum
},
school(){
return this.$store.state.school
},
subject(){
return this.$store.state.subject
},
*/
//借助mapState生成计算属性,从state中读取数据。(对象写法)
// ...mapState({he:'sum',xuexiao:'school',xueke:'subject'}),
//借助mapState生成计算属性,从state中读取数据。(数组写法)
/*
...的写法是因为mapState是一个对象,计算属性也是一个对象,
不能在一个对象里直接写一个对象,所以用 ... 将对象展开放入计算属性中
*/
...mapState(["sum", "school", "subject"]),
/* ******************************************************************** */
/* bigSum(){
return this.$store.getters.bigSum
}, */
// 借助mapGetters生成计算属性,从getters中读取数据。(对象写法)
// ...mapGetters({bigSum:'bigSum'})
//借助mapGetters生成计算属性,从getters中读取数据。(数组写法)
...mapGetters(["bigSum"])
},
methods: {
increment() {
this.$store.commit("JIA", this.n);
},
decrement() {
this.$store.commit("JIAN", this.n);
},
incrementOdd() {
this.$store.dispatch("jiaOdd", this.n);
},
incrementWait() {
this.$store.dispatch("jiaWait", this.n);
}
},
mounted() {
const x = mapState({ he: "sum", xuexiao: "school", xueke: "subject" });
console.log(x);
}
};
</script>
<style lang="css">
button {
margin-left: 5px;
}
</style>
四、mapMutations和mapActions
1、store文件夹下index.js
//该文件用于创建Vuex中最为核心的store
import Vue from "vue";
//引入Vuex
import Vuex from "vuex";
//应用Vuex插件
Vue.use(Vuex);
//准备actions——用于响应组件中的动作
const actions = {
/* jia(context,value){
console.log('actions中的jia被调用了')
context.commit('JIA',value)
},
jian(context,value){
console.log('actions中的jian被调用了')
context.commit('JIAN',value)
}, */
jiaOdd(context, value) {
console.log("actions中的jiaOdd被调用了");
if (context.state.sum % 2) {
context.commit("JIA", value);
}
},
jiaWait(context, value) {
console.log("actions中的jiaWait被调用了");
setTimeout(() => {
context.commit("JIA", value);
}, 500);
}
};
//准备mutations——用于操作数据(state)
const mutations = {
JIA(state, value) {
console.log("mutations中的JIA被调用了");
state.sum += value;
},
JIAN(state, value) {
console.log("mutations中的JIAN被调用了");
state.sum -= value;
}
};
//准备state——用于存储数据
const state = {
sum: 0, //当前的和
school: "xxx大学",
subject: "前端"
};
//准备getters——用于将state中的数据进行加工
const getters = {
bigSum(state) {
return state.sum * 10;
}
};
//创建并暴露store
export default new Vuex.Store({
actions,
mutations,
state,
getters
});
2、Count.vue组件
<template>
<div>
<h1>当前求和为:{{ sum }}</h1>
<h3>当前求和放大10倍为:{{ bigSum }}</h3>
<h3>我在{{ school }},学习{{ subject }}</h3>
<select v-model.number="n">
<option value="1">1</option>
<option value="2">2</option>
<option value="3">3</option>
</select>
<button @click="increment(n)">+</button>
<button @click="decrement(n)">-</button>
<button @click="incrementOdd(n)">当前求和为奇数再加</button>
<button @click="incrementWait(n)">等一等再加</button>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import { mapState, mapGetters, mapMutations, mapActions } from "vuex";
export default {
name: "Count",
data() {
return {
n: 1 //用户选择的数字
};
},
computed: {
//借助mapState生成计算属性,从state中读取数据。(对象写法)
// ...mapState({he:'sum',xuexiao:'school',xueke:'subject'}),
//借助mapState生成计算属性,从state中读取数据。(数组写法)
...mapState(["sum", "school", "subject"]),
/* ******************************************************************** */
//借助mapGetters生成计算属性,从getters中读取数据。(对象写法)
// ...mapGetters({bigSum:'bigSum'})
//借助mapGetters生成计算属性,从getters中读取数据。(数组写法)
...mapGetters(["bigSum"])
},
methods: {
//程序员亲自写方法
/* increment(){
this.$store.commit('JIA',this.n)
},
decrement(){
this.$store.commit('JIAN',this.n)
}, */
//借助mapMutations生成对应的方法,方法中会调用commit去联系mutations(对象写法)
...mapMutations({ increment: "JIA", decrement: "JIAN" }),
//借助mapMutations生成对应的方法,方法中会调用commit去联系mutations(数组写法)
// ...mapMutations(['JIA','JIAN']),
/* ************************************************* */
//程序员亲自写方法
/* incrementOdd(){
this.$store.dispatch('jiaOdd',this.n)
},
incrementWait(){
this.$store.dispatch('jiaWait',this.n)
}, */
//借助mapActions生成对应的方法,方法中会调用dispatch去联系actions(对象写法)
...mapActions({ incrementOdd: "jiaOdd", incrementWait: "jiaWait" })
//借助mapActions生成对应的方法,方法中会调用dispatch去联系actions(数组写法)
// ...mapActions(['jiaOdd','jiaWait'])
},
mounted() {
const x = mapState({ he: "sum", xuexiao: "school", xueke: "subject" });
console.log(x);
}
};
</script>
<style lang="css">
button {
margin-left: 5px;
}
</style>
五、Vuex实现多组件通信
1、store文件夹下的index.js
//该文件用于创建Vuex中最为核心的store
import Vue from "vue";
//引入Vuex
import Vuex from "vuex";
//应用Vuex插件
Vue.use(Vuex);
//准备actions——用于响应组件中的动作
const actions = {
/* jia(context,value){
console.log('actions中的jia被调用了')
context.commit('JIA',value)
},
jian(context,value){
console.log('actions中的jian被调用了')
context.commit('JIAN',value)
}, */
jiaOdd(context, value) {
console.log("actions中的jiaOdd被调用了");
if (context.state.sum % 2) {
context.commit("JIA", value);
}
},
jiaWait(context, value) {
console.log("actions中的jiaWait被调用了");
setTimeout(() => {
context.commit("JIA", value);
}, 500);
}
};
//准备mutations——用于操作数据(state)
const mutations = {
JIA(state, value) {
console.log("mutations中的JIA被调用了");
state.sum += value;
},
JIAN(state, value) {
console.log("mutations中的JIAN被调用了");
state.sum -= value;
},
ADD_PERSON(state, value) {
console.log("mutations中的ADD_PERSON被调用了");
state.personList.unshift(value);
}
};
//准备state——用于存储数据
const state = {
sum: 0, //当前的和
school: "xxx大学",
subject: "前端",
personList: [{ id: "001", name: "张三" }]
};
//准备getters——用于将state中的数据进行加工
const getters = {
bigSum(state) {
return state.sum * 10;
}
};
//创建并暴露store
export default new Vuex.Store({
actions,
mutations,
state,
getters
});
2、Count.vue插件
<template>
<div>
<h1>当前求和为:{{ sum }}</h1>
<h3>当前求和放大10倍为:{{ bigSum }}</h3>
<h3>我在{{ school }},学习{{ subject }}</h3>
<h3 style="color:red">Person组件的总人数是:{{ personList.length }}</h3>
<select v-model.number="n">
<option value="1">1</option>
<option value="2">2</option>
<option value="3">3</option>
</select>
<button @click="increment(n)">+</button>
<button @click="decrement(n)">-</button>
<button @click="incrementOdd(n)">当前求和为奇数再加</button>
<button @click="incrementWait(n)">等一等再加</button>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import { mapState, mapGetters, mapMutations, mapActions } from "vuex";
export default {
name: "Count",
data() {
return {
n: 1 //用户选择的数字
};
},
computed: {
//借助mapState生成计算属性,从state中读取数据。(数组写法)
...mapState(["sum", "school", "subject", "personList"]),
//借助mapGetters生成计算属性,从getters中读取数据。(数组写法)
...mapGetters(["bigSum"])
},
methods: {
//借助mapMutations生成对应的方法,方法中会调用commit去联系mutations(对象写法)
...mapMutations({ increment: "JIA", decrement: "JIAN" }),
//借助mapActions生成对应的方法,方法中会调用dispatch去联系actions(对象写法)
...mapActions({ incrementOdd: "jiaOdd", incrementWait: "jiaWait" })
},
mounted() {
// const x = mapState({he:'sum',xuexiao:'school',xueke:'subject'})
// console.log(x)
}
};
</script>
<style lang="css">
button {
margin-left: 5px;
}
</style>
3、Person.vue插件
<template>
<div>
<h1>人员列表</h1>
<h3 style="color:red">Count组件求和为:{{ sum }}</h3>
<input type="text" placeholder="请输入名字" v-model="name" />
<button @click="add">添加</button>
<ul>
<li v-for="p in personList" :key="p.id">{{ p.name }}</li>
</ul>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import { nanoid } from "nanoid";
export default {
name: "Person",
data() {
return {
name: ""
};
},
computed: {
personList() {
return this.$store.state.personList;
},
sum() {
return this.$store.state.sum;
}
},
methods: {
add() {
const personObj = { id: nanoid(), name: this.name };
this.$store.commit("ADD_PERSON", personObj);
this.name = "";
}
}
};
</script>
六、Vuex模块化编码
count.js和person.js在数据少,数据简单的时候也可以写在index.js中
1、store文件夹下index.js
//该文件用于创建Vuex中最为核心的store
import Vue from "vue";
//引入Vuex
import Vuex from "vuex";
import countOptions from "./count";
import personOptions from "./person";
//应用Vuex插件
Vue.use(Vuex);
//创建并暴露store
export default new Vuex.Store({
modules: {
countAbout: countOptions,
personAbout: personOptions
}
});
2、store文件夹下count.js
//求和相关的配置
export default {
namespaced: true,
actions: {
jiaOdd(context, value) {
console.log("actions中的jiaOdd被调用了");
if (context.state.sum % 2) {
context.commit("JIA", value);
}
},
jiaWait(context, value) {
console.log("actions中的jiaWait被调用了");
setTimeout(() => {
context.commit("JIA", value);
}, 500);
}
},
mutations: {
JIA(state, value) {
console.log("mutations中的JIA被调用了");
state.sum += value;
},
JIAN(state, value) {
console.log("mutations中的JIAN被调用了");
state.sum -= value;
}
},
state: {
sum: 0, //当前的和
school: "xxx大学",
subject: "前端"
},
getters: {
bigSum(state) {
return state.sum * 10;
}
}
};
3、store文件夹下person.js
//人员管理相关的配置
import axios from "axios";
import { nanoid } from "nanoid";
export default {
namespaced: true,
actions: {
addPersonWang(context, value) {
if (value.name.indexOf("王") === 0) {
context.commit("ADD_PERSON", value);
} else {
alert("添加的人必须姓王!");
}
},
addPersonServer(context) {
axios.get("https://api.uixsj.cn/hitokoto/get?type=social").then(
(response) => {
context.commit("ADD_PERSON", { id: nanoid(), name: response.data });
},
(error) => {
alert(error.message);
}
);
}
},
mutations: {
ADD_PERSON(state, value) {
console.log("mutations中的ADD_PERSON被调用了");
state.personList.unshift(value);
}
},
state: {
personList: [{ id: "001", name: "张三" }]
},
getters: {
firstPersonName(state) {
return state.personList[0].name;
}
}
};
4、Count.vue组件
<template>
<div>
<h1>当前求和为:{{ sum }}</h1>
<h3>当前求和放大10倍为:{{ bigSum }}</h3>
<h3>我在{{ school }},学习{{ subject }}</h3>
<h3 style="color:red">Person组件的总人数是:{{ personList.length }}</h3>
<select v-model.number="n">
<option value="1">1</option>
<option value="2">2</option>
<option value="3">3</option>
</select>
<button @click="increment(n)">+</button>
<button @click="decrement(n)">-</button>
<button @click="incrementOdd(n)">当前求和为奇数再加</button>
<button @click="incrementWait(n)">等一等再加</button>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import { mapState, mapGetters, mapMutations, mapActions } from "vuex";
export default {
name: "Count",
data() {
return {
n: 1 //用户选择的数字
};
},
computed: {
//借助mapState生成计算属性,从state中读取数据。(数组写法)
// ...mapState(["countAbout","personAbout"]) //(使用:countAbout.sum,countAbout.school······)
...mapState("countAbout", ["sum", "school", "subject"]), //这种写法的前提是开启命名空间namespaced:true,(直接使用:sum,school·····)
...mapState("personAbout", ["personList"]),
//借助mapGetters生成计算属性,从getters中读取数据。(数组写法)
...mapGetters("countAbout", ["bigSum"])
},
methods: {
//借助mapMutations生成对应的方法,方法中会调用commit去联系mutations(对象写法)
...mapMutations("countAbout", { increment: "JIA", decrement: "JIAN" }),
//借助mapActions生成对应的方法,方法中会调用dispatch去联系actions(对象写法)
...mapActions("countAbout", { incrementOdd: "jiaOdd", incrementWait: "jiaWait" })
},
mounted() {
console.log(this.$store);
}
};
</script>
<style lang="css">
button {
margin-left: 5px;
}
</style>
5、Person.vue组件
<template>
<div>
<h1>人员列表</h1>
<h3 style="color:red">Count组件求和为:{{ sum }}</h3>
<h3>列表中第一个人的名字是:{{ firstPersonName }}</h3>
<input type="text" placeholder="请输入名字" v-model="name" />
<button @click="add">添加</button>
<button @click="addWang">添加一个姓王的人</button>
<button @click="addPersonServer">添加一个人,名字随机</button>
<ul>
<li v-for="p in personList" :key="p.id">{{ p.name }}</li>
</ul>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import { nanoid } from "nanoid";
export default {
name: "Person",
data() {
return {
name: ""
};
},
computed: {
personList() {
return this.$store.state.personAbout.personList;
},
sum() {
return this.$store.state.countAbout.sum;
},
firstPersonName() {
return this.$store.getters["personAbout/firstPersonName"];
}
},
methods: {
add() {
const personObj = { id: nanoid(), name: this.name };
this.$store.commit("personAbout/ADD_PERSON", personObj);
this.name = "";
},
addWang() {
const personObj = { id: nanoid(), name: this.name };
this.$store.dispatch("personAbout/addPersonWang", personObj);
this.name = "";
},
addPersonServer() {
this.$store.dispatch("personAbout/addPersonServer");
}
}
};
</script>