业务数据采集
一、MySQL安装
1.安装包准备
（1）将安装包和JDBC驱动上传到/opt/software，共计6个
（2）卸载自带的Mysql-libs（如果之前安装过MySQL，要全都卸载掉）
rpm -qa | grep -i -E mysql\|mariadb | xargs -n1 sudo rpm -e --nodeps
删除并查询
2.安装MySQL
1）安装MySQL依赖
rpm -ivh 01_mysql-community-common-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh 02_mysql-community-libs-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh 03_mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
2）安装mysql-client
rpm -ivh 04_mysql-community-client-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
3）安装mysql-server
rpm -ivh 05_mysql-community-server-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
注意：如果报如下错误，这是由于yum安装了旧版本的GPG keys所造成，从rpm版本4.1后，在安装或升级软件包时会自动检查软件包的签名。
解决办法
rpm -ivh 05_mysql-community-server-5.7.16-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --force --nodeps
4）启动MySQL并查看状态
systemctl start mysqld
systemctl status mysqld
5）查看MySQL密码
cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep password
3.配置MySQL
配置只要是root用户 + 密码，在任何主机上都能登录MySQL数据库。
1）用刚刚查到的密码进入MySQL（如果报错，给密码加单引号）
mysql -uroot -p'password'
2）设置复杂密码（由于MySQL密码策略，此密码必须足够复杂）
set password=password("Qs23=zs32");
3）更改MySQL密码策略
set global validate_password_length=4;
set global validate_password_policy=0;
4）设置简单好记的密码
set password=password("123456");
5）进入MySQL库
use mysql
6）查询user表
select user, host from user;
7）修改user表，把Host表内容修改为%
update user set host="%" where user="root";
8）刷新
flush privileges;
9）退出
quit;
二、业务数据生成
1.连接MySQL
（1）通过MySQL可视化客户端连接数据库。
2.建表语句
（1）通过SQLyog创建数据库，设置数据库名称为gmall，编码为utf-8，排序规则为utf8_general_ci
（2）导入数据库结构脚本（gmall.sql）
注意：完成后，要记得右键，刷新一下对象，就可以看见数据库中的表了。
3.生成业务数据
（1）在hadoop102的/opt/module/目录下创建db_log文件夹
mkdir db_log/
（2）把gmall2020-mock-db-2021-01-22.jar和application.properties上传到hadoop102的/opt/module/db_log路径上。
（3）根据需求修改application.properties相关配置
logging.level.root=info
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://hadoop102:3306/gmall?characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=123456
logging.pattern.console=%m%n
mybatis-plus.global-config.db-config.field-strategy=not_null
#业务日期
mock.date=2020-06-14
#是否重置 注意：第一次执行必须设置为1，后续不需要重置不用设置为1
mock.clear=1
#是否重置用户 注意：第一次执行必须设置为1，后续不需要重置不用设置为1
mock.clear.user=1
#生成新用户数量
mock.user.count=100
#男性比例
mock.user.male-rate=20
#用户数据变化概率
mock.user.update-rate:20
#收藏取消比例
mock.favor.cancel-rate=10
#收藏数量
mock.favor.count=100
#每个用户添加购物车的概率
mock.cart.user-rate=50
#每次每个用户最多添加多少种商品进购物车
mock.cart.max-sku-count=8
#每个商品最多买几个
mock.cart.max-sku-num=3
#购物车来源 用户查询，商品推广，智能推荐, 促销活动
mock.cart.source-type-rate=60:20:10:10
#用户下单比例
mock.order.user-rate=50
#用户从购物中购买商品比例
mock.order.sku-rate=50
#是否参加活动
mock.order.join-activity=1
#是否使用购物券
mock.order.use-coupon=1
#购物券领取人数
mock.coupon.user-count=100
#支付比例
mock.payment.rate=70
#支付方式 支付宝：微信 ：银联
mock.payment.payment-type=30:60:10
#评价比例 好：中：差：自动
mock.comment.appraise-rate=30:10:10:50
#退款原因比例：质量问题 商品描述与实际描述不一致 缺货 号码不合适 拍错 不想买了 其他
mock.refund.reason-rate=30:10:20:5:15:5:5
注意修改自己的用户名和密码
（4）并在该目录下执行，如下命令，生成2020-06-14日期数据：
java -jar gmall2020-mock-db-2021-01-22.jar
（5）查看gmall数据库，观察是否有2020-06-14的数据出现
三、Sqoop安装
1.下载并解压
1）sqoop官网地址：http://sqoop.apache.org
2）下载地址： http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/apache/sqoop/1.4.6/.
3）上传安装包sqoop-1.4.6.bin__hadoop-2.0.4-alpha.tar.gz到hadoop102的/opt/software路径中
4）解压sqoop安装包到指定目录，如：
tar -zxf sqoop-1.4.6.bin__hadoop-2.0.4-alpha.tar.gz -C /opt/module/
5）解压sqoop安装包到指定目录，如：
mv sqoop-1.4.6.bin__hadoop-2.0.4-alpha/ sqoop
2.修改配置文件
1）进入到/opt/module/sqoop/conf目录，重命名配置文件
mv sqoop-env-template.sh sqoop-env.sh
2）修改配置文件
vi sqoop-env.sh
增加如下内容
export HADOOP_COMMON_HOME=/opt/module/hadoop-3.1.3
export HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=/opt/module/hadoop-3.1.3
export HIVE_HOME=/opt/module/hive
export ZOOKEEPER_HOME=/opt/module/zookeeper-3.5.7
export ZOOCFGDIR=/opt/module/zookeeper-3.5.7/conf
3.拷贝JDBC驱动
1）将mysql-connector-java-5.1.48.jar 上传到/opt/software路径
2）进入到/opt/software/路径，拷贝jdbc驱动到sqoop的lib目录下。
cp mysql-connector-java-5.1.48.jar /opt/module/sqoop/lib/
4.测试Sqoop是否能够成功连接数据库
bin/sqoop list-databases --connect jdbc:mysql://hadoop102:3306/ --username root --password 123456
出现如下输出：
6.Sqoop基本使用
将mysql中user_info表数据导入到HDFS的/test路径
bin/sqoop import \
--connect jdbc:mysql://hadoop102:3306/gmall \
--username root \
--password 123456 \
--table user_info \
--columns id,login_name \
--where "id>=10 and id<=30" \
--target-dir /test \
--delete-target-dir \
--fields-terminated-by '\t' \
--num-mappers 2 \
--split-by id
bin/sqoop import \
--connect jdbc:mysql://hadoop102:3306/gmall \
--username root \
--password 123456 \
--query 'select id,login_name from user_info where id>=1 and id<=20 and $CONDITIONS' \
--target-dir /test \
--delete-target-dir \
--fields-terminated-by '\t' \
--num-mappers 2 \
--split-by id
浏览器查看
四、同步策略
数据同步策略的类型包括：全量同步、增量同步、新增及变化同步、特殊情况
全量表：存储完整的数据。
增量表：存储新增加的数据。
新增及变化表：存储新增加的数据和变化的数据。
特殊表：只需要存储一次。
1 全量同步策略
2 增量同步策略
3 新增及变化策略
4 特殊策略
某些特殊的表，可不必遵循上述同步策略。例如某些不会发生变化的表（地区表，省份表，民族表）可以只存一份固定值。
5 业务数据导入HDFS
1 分析表同步策略
在生产环境，个别小公司，为了简单处理，所有表全量导入。
中大型公司，由于数据量比较大，还是严格按照同步策略导入数据。
2 业务数据首日同步脚本
1）脚本编写
vi mysql_to_hdfs_init.sh
添加如下内容：
业务数据每日同步脚本
#! /bin/bash
APP=gmall
sqoop=/opt/module/sqoop/bin/sqoop
if [ -n "$2" ] ;then
do_date=$2
else
do_date=`date -d '-1 day' +%F`
fi
import_data(){
$sqoop import \
--connect jdbc:mysql://hadoop102:3306/$APP \
--username root \
--password 123456 \
--target-dir /origin_data/$APP/db/$1/$do_date \
--delete-target-dir \
--query "$2 and \$CONDITIONS" \
--num-mappers 1 \
--fields-terminated-by '\t' \
--compress \
--compression-codec lzop \
--null-string '\\N' \
--null-non-string '\\N'
hadoop jar /opt/module/hadoop-3.1.3/share/hadoop/common/hadoop-lzo-0.4.20.jar com.hadoop.compression.lzo.DistributedLzoIndexer /origin_data/$APP/db/$1/$do_date
}
import_order_info(){
import_data order_info "select
id,
total_amount,
order_status,
user_id,
payment_way,
delivery_address,
out_trade_no,
create_time,
operate_time,
expire_time,
tracking_no,
province_id,
activity_reduce_amount,
coupon_reduce_amount,
original_total_amount,
feight_fee,
feight_fee_reduce
from order_info
where (date_format(create_time,'%Y-%m-%d')='$do_date'
or date_format(operate_time,'%Y-%m-%d')='$do_date')"
}
import_coupon_use(){
import_data coupon_use "select
id,
coupon_id,
user_id,
order_id,
coupon_status,
get_time,
using_time,
used_time,
expire_time
from coupon_use
where
(date_format(get_time,'%Y-%m-%d')='$do_date'
or date_format(using_time,'%Y-%m-%d')='$do_date'
or date_format(used_time,'%Y-%m-%d')='$do_date'
or date_format(expire_time,'%Y-%m-%d')='$do_date')"
}
import_order_status_log(){
import_data order_status_log "select
id,
order_id,
order_status,
operate_time
from order_status_log
where date_format(operate_time,'%Y-%m-%d')='$do_date'"
}
import_user_info(){
import_data "user_info" "select
id,
login_name,
nick_name,
name,
phone_num,
email,
user_level,
birthday,
gender,
create_time,
operate_time
from user_info
where (DATE_FORMAT(create_time,'%Y-%m-%d')='$do_date'
or DATE_FORMAT(operate_time,'%Y-%m-%d')='$do_date')"
}
import_order_detail(){
import_data order_detail "select
id,
order_id,
sku_id,
sku_name,
order_price,
sku_num,
create_time,
source_type,
source_id,
split_total_amount,
split_activity_amount,
split_coupon_amount
from order_detail
where DATE_FORMAT(create_time,'%Y-%m-%d')='$do_date'"
}
import_payment_info(){
import_data "payment_info" "select
id,
out_trade_no,
order_id,
user_id,
payment_type,
trade_no,
total_amount,
subject,
payment_status,
create_time,
callback_time
from payment_info
where (DATE_FORMAT(create_time,'%Y-%m-%d')='$do_date'
or DATE_FORMAT(callback_time,'%Y-%m-%d')='$do_date')"
}
import_comment_info(){
import_data comment_info "select
id,
user_id,
sku_id,
spu_id,
order_id,
appraise,
create_time
from comment_info
where date_format(create_time,'%Y-%m-%d')='$do_date'"
}
import_order_refund_info(){
import_data order_refund_info "select
id,
user_id,
order_id,
sku_id,
refund_type,
refund_num,
refund_amount,
refund_reason_type,
refund_status,
create_time
from order_refund_info
where date_format(create_time,'%Y-%m-%d')='$do_date'"
}
import_sku_info(){
import_data sku_info "select
id,
spu_id,
price,
sku_name,
sku_desc,
weight,
tm_id,
category3_id,
is_sale,
create_time
from sku_info where 1=1"
}
import_base_category1(){
import_data "base_category1" "select
id,
name
from base_category1 where 1=1"
}
import_base_category2(){
import_data "base_category2" "select
id,
name,
category1_id
from base_category2 where 1=1"
}
import_base_category3(){
import_data "base_category3" "select
id,
name,
category2_id
from base_category3 where 1=1"
}
import_base_province(){
import_data base_province "select
id,
name,
region_id,
area_code,
iso_code,
iso_3166_2
from base_province
where 1=1"
}
import_base_region(){
import_data base_region "select
id,
region_name
from base_region
where 1=1"
}
import_base_trademark(){
import_data base_trademark "select
id,
tm_name
from base_trademark
where 1=1"
}
import_spu_info(){
import_data spu_info "select
id,
spu_name,
category3_id,
tm_id
from spu_info
where 1=1"
}
import_favor_info(){
import_data favor_info "select
id,
user_id,
sku_id,
spu_id,
is_cancel,
create_time,
cancel_time
from favor_info
where 1=1"
}
import_cart_info(){
import_data cart_info "select
id,
user_id,
sku_id,
cart_price,
sku_num,
sku_name,
create_time,
operate_time,
is_ordered,
order_time,
source_type,
source_id
from cart_info
where 1=1"
}
import_coupon_info(){
import_data coupon_info "select
id,
coupon_name,
coupon_type,
condition_amount,
condition_num,
activity_id,
benefit_amount,
benefit_discount,
create_time,
range_type,
limit_num,
taken_count,
start_time,
end_time,
operate_time,
expire_time
from coupon_info
where 1=1"
}
import_activity_info(){
import_data activity_info "select
id,
activity_name,
activity_type,
start_time,
end_time,
create_time
from activity_info
where 1=1"
}
import_activity_rule(){
import_data activity_rule "select
id,
activity_id,
activity_type,
condition_amount,
condition_num,
benefit_amount,
benefit_discount,
benefit_level
from activity_rule
where 1=1"
}
import_base_dic(){
import_data base_dic "select
dic_code,
dic_name,
parent_code,
create_time,
operate_time
from base_dic
where 1=1"
}
import_order_detail_activity(){
import_data order_detail_activity "select
id,
order_id,
order_detail_id,
activity_id,
activity_rule_id,
sku_id,
create_time
from order_detail_activity
where date_format(create_time,'%Y-%m-%d')='$do_date'"
}
import_order_detail_coupon(){
import_data order_detail_coupon "select
id,
order_id,
order_detail_id,
coupon_id,
coupon_use_id,
sku_id,
create_time
from order_detail_coupon
where date_format(create_time,'%Y-%m-%d')='$do_date'"
}
import_refund_payment(){
import_data refund_payment "select
id,
out_trade_no,
order_id,
sku_id,
payment_type,
trade_no,
total_amount,
subject,
refund_status,
create_time,
callback_time
from refund_payment
where (DATE_FORMAT(create_time,'%Y-%m-%d')='$do_date'
or DATE_FORMAT(callback_time,'%Y-%m-%d')='$do_date')"
}
import_sku_attr_value(){
import_data sku_attr_value "select
id,
attr_id,
value_id,
sku_id,
attr_name,
value_name
from sku_attr_value
where 1=1"
}
import_sku_sale_attr_value(){
import_data sku_sale_attr_value "select
id,
sku_id,
spu_id,
sale_attr_value_id,
sale_attr_id,
sale_attr_name,
sale_attr_value_name
from sku_sale_attr_value
where 1=1"
}
case $1 in
"order_info")
import_order_info
;;
"base_category1")
import_base_category1
;;
"base_category2")
import_base_category2
;;
"base_category3")
import_base_category3
;;
"order_detail")
import_order_detail
;;
"sku_info")
import_sku_info
;;
"user_info")
import_user_info
;;
"payment_info")
import_payment_info
;;
"base_province")
import_base_province
;;
"activity_info")
import_activity_info
;;
"cart_info")
import_cart_info
;;
"comment_info")
import_comment_info
;;
"coupon_info")
import_coupon_info
;;
"coupon_use")
import_coupon_use
;;
"favor_info")
import_favor_info
;;
"order_refund_info")
import_order_refund_info
;;
"order_status_log")
import_order_status_log
;;
"spu_info")
import_spu_info
;;
"activity_rule")
import_activity_rule
;;
"base_dic")
import_base_dic
;;
"order_detail_activity")
import_order_detail_activity
;;
"order_detail_coupon")
import_order_detail_coupon
;;
"refund_payment")
import_refund_payment
;;
"sku_attr_value")
import_sku_attr_value
;;
"sku_sale_attr_value")
import_sku_sale_attr_value
;;
"all")
import_base_category1
import_base_category2
import_base_category3
import_order_info
import_order_detail
import_sku_info
import_user_info
import_payment_info
import_base_trademark
import_activity_info
import_cart_info
import_comment_info
import_coupon_use
import_coupon_info
import_favor_info
import_order_refund_info
import_order_status_log
import_spu_info
import_activity_rule
import_base_dic
import_order_detail_activity
import_order_detail_coupon
import_refund_payment
import_sku_attr_value
import_sku_sale_attr_value
;;
esac
3.业务数据每日同步脚本
(1)在/root/bin目录下创建
vi mysql_to_hdfs.sh
添加如下内容：
#! /bin/bash
APP=gmall
sqoop=/opt/module/sqoop/bin/sqoop
if [ -n "$2" ] ;then
do_date=$2
else
echo "请传入日期参数"
exit
fi
import_data(){
$sqoop import \
--connect jdbc:mysql://hadoop102:3306/$APP \
--username root \
--password 123456 \
--target-dir /origin_data/$APP/db/$1/$do_date \
--delete-target-dir \
--query "$2 where \$CONDITIONS" \
--num-mappers 1 \
--fields-terminated-by '\t' \
--compress \
--compression-codec lzop \
--null-string '\\N' \
--null-non-string '\\N'
hadoop jar/opt/module/hadoop-3.1.3/share/hadoop/common/hadoop-lzo-0.4.20.jar com.hadoop.compression.lzo.DistributedLzoIndexer /origin_data/$APP/db/$1/$do_date
}
import_order_info(){
import_data order_info "select
id,
total_amount,
order_status,
user_id,
payment_way,
delivery_address,
out_trade_no,
create_time,
operate_time,
expire_time,
tracking_no,
province_id,
activity_reduce_amount,
coupon_reduce_amount,
original_total_amount,
feight_fee,
feight_fee_reduce
from order_info"
}
import_coupon_use(){
import_data coupon_use "select
id,
coupon_id,
user_id,
order_id,
coupon_status,
get_time,
using_time,
used_time,
expire_time
from coupon_use"
}
import_order_status_log(){
import_data order_status_log "select
id,
order_id,
order_status,
operate_time
from order_status_log"
}
import_user_info(){
import_data "user_info" "select
id,
login_name,
nick_name,
name,
phone_num,
email,
user_level,
birthday,
gender,
create_time,
operate_time
from user_info"
}
import_order_detail(){
import_data order_detail "select
id,
order_id,
sku_id,
sku_name,
order_price,
sku_num,
create_time,
source_type,
source_id,
split_total_amount,
split_activity_amount,
split_coupon_amount
from order_detail"
}
import_payment_info(){
import_data "payment_info" "select
id,
out_trade_no,
order_id,
user_id,
payment_type,
trade_no,
total_amount,
subject,
payment_status,
create_time,
callback_time
from payment_info"
}
import_comment_info(){
import_data comment_info "select
id,
user_id,
sku_id,
spu_id,
order_id,
appraise,
create_time
from comment_info"
}
import_order_refund_info(){
import_data order_refund_info "select
id,
user_id,
order_id,
sku_id,
refund_type,
refund_num,
refund_amount,
refund_reason_type,
refund_status,
create_time
from order_refund_info"
}
import_sku_info(){
import_data sku_info "select
id,
spu_id,
price,
sku_name,
sku_desc,
weight,
tm_id,
category3_id,
is_sale,
create_time
from sku_info"
}
import_base_category1(){
import_data "base_category1" "select
id,
name
from base_category1"
}
import_base_category2(){
import_data "base_category2" "select
id,
name,
category1_id
from base_category2"
}
import_base_category3(){
import_data "base_category3" "select
id,
name,
category2_id
from base_category3"
}
import_base_province(){
import_data base_province "select
id,
name,
region_id,
area_code,
iso_code,
iso_3166_2
from base_province"
}
import_base_region(){
import_data base_region "select
id,
region_name
from base_region"
}
import_base_trademark(){
import_data base_trademark "select
id,
tm_name
from base_trademark"
}
import_spu_info(){
import_data spu_info "select
id,
spu_name,
category3_id,
tm_id
from spu_info"
}
import_favor_info(){
import_data favor_info "select
id,
user_id,
sku_id,
spu_id,
is_cancel,
create_time,
cancel_time
from favor_info"
}
import_cart_info(){
import_data cart_info "select
id,
user_id,
sku_id,
cart_price,
sku_num,
sku_name,
create_time,
operate_time,
is_ordered,
order_time,
source_type,
source_id
from cart_info"
}
import_coupon_info(){
import_data coupon_info "select
id,
coupon_name,
coupon_type,
condition_amount,
condition_num,
activity_id,
benefit_amount,
benefit_discount,
create_time,
range_type,
limit_num,
taken_count,
start_time,
end_time,
operate_time,
expire_time
from coupon_info"
}
import_activity_info(){
import_data activity_info "select
id,
activity_name,
activity_type,
start_time,
end_time,
create_time
from activity_info"
}
import_activity_rule(){
import_data activity_rule "select
id,
activity_id,
activity_type,
condition_amount,
condition_num,
benefit_amount,
benefit_discount,
benefit_level
from activity_rule"
}
import_base_dic(){
import_data base_dic "select
dic_code,
dic_name,
parent_code,
create_time,
operate_time
from base_dic"
}
import_order_detail_activity(){
import_data order_detail_activity "select
id,
order_id,
order_detail_id,
activity_id,
activity_rule_id,
sku_id,
create_time
from order_detail_activity"
}
import_order_detail_coupon(){
import_data order_detail_coupon "select
id,
order_id,
order_detail_id,
coupon_id,
coupon_use_id,
sku_id,
create_time
from order_detail_coupon"
}
import_refund_payment(){
import_data refund_payment "select
id,
out_trade_no,
order_id,
sku_id,
payment_type,
trade_no,
total_amount,
subject,
refund_status,
create_time,
callback_time
from refund_payment"
}
import_sku_attr_value(){
import_data sku_attr_value "select
id,
attr_id,
value_id,
sku_id,
attr_name,
value_name
from sku_attr_value"
}
import_sku_sale_attr_value(){
import_data sku_sale_attr_value "select
id,
sku_id,
spu_id,
sale_attr_value_id,
sale_attr_id,
sale_attr_name,
sale_attr_value_name
from sku_sale_attr_value"
}
case $1 in
"order_info")
import_order_info
;;
"base_category1")
import_base_category1
;;
"base_category2")
import_base_category2
;;
"base_category3")
import_base_category3
;;
"order_detail")
import_order_detail
;;
"sku_info")
import_sku_info
;;
"user_info")
import_user_info
;;
"payment_info")
import_payment_info
;;
"base_province")
import_base_province
;;
"base_region")
import_base_region
;;
"base_trademark")
import_base_trademark
;;
"activity_info")
import_activity_info
;;
"cart_info")
import_cart_info
;;
"comment_info")
import_comment_info
;;
"coupon_info")
import_coupon_info
;;
"coupon_use")
import_coupon_use
;;
"favor_info")
import_favor_info
;;
"order_refund_info")
import_order_refund_info
;;
"order_status_log")
import_order_status_log
;;
"spu_info")
import_spu_info
;;
"activity_rule")
import_activity_rule
;;
"base_dic")
import_base_dic
;;
"order_detail_activity")
import_order_detail_activity
;;
"order_detail_coupon")
import_order_detail_coupon
;;
"refund_payment")
import_refund_payment
;;
"sku_attr_value")
import_sku_attr_value
;;
"sku_sale_attr_value")
import_sku_sale_attr_value
;;
"all")
import_base_category1
import_base_category2
import_base_category3
import_order_info
import_order_detail
import_sku_info
import_user_info
import_payment_info
import_base_region
import_base_province
import_base_trademark
import_activity_info
import_cart_info
import_comment_info
import_coupon_use
import_coupon_info
import_favor_info
import_order_refund_info
import_order_status_log
import_spu_info
import_activity_rule
import_base_dic
import_order_detail_activity
import_order_detail_coupon
import_refund_payment
import_sku_attr_value
import_sku_sale_attr_value
;;
esac
Hive中的Null在底层是以“\N”来存储，而MySQL中的Null在底层就是Null，为了保证数据两端的一致性。在导出数据时采用–input-null-string和–input-null-non-string两个参数。导入数据时采用–null-string和–null-non-string。
五、数据环境准备
1.Hive安装部署
（1）把apache-hive-3.1.2-bin.tar.gz上传到Linux的/opt/software目录下
（2）解压apache-hive-3.1.2-bin.tar.gz到/opt/module/目录下面
tar -zxvf /opt/software/apache-hive-3.1.2-bin.tar.gz -C /opt/module/
（3）修改apache-hive-3.1.2-bin.tar.gz的名称为hive
mv /opt/module/apache-hive-3.1.2-bin/ /opt/module/hive
（4）修改/etc/profile.d/my_env.sh，添加环境变量
vi /etc/profile.d/my_env.sh
添加内容
#HIVE_HOME
export HIVE_HOME=/opt/module/hive
export PATH=$PATH:$HIVE_HOME/bin
重启Xshell对话框或者source一下 /etc/profile.d/my_env.sh文件，使环境变量生效
source /etc/profile.d/my_env.sh
（5）解决日志Jar包冲突，进入/opt/module/hive/lib目录
mv log4j-slf4j-impl-2.10.0.jar log4j-slf4j-impl-2.10.0.jar.bak
2.Hive元数据配置到MySQL
1 拷贝驱动
将MySQL的JDBC驱动拷贝到Hive的lib目录下
cp /opt/software/mysql-connector-java-5.1.27.jar /opt/module/hive/lib/
2 配置Metastore到MySQL
（1）在$HIVE_HOME/conf目录下新建hive-site.xml文件
vi hive-site.xml
（2）添加如下内容
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<configuration>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
<value>jdbc:mysql://hadoop102:3306/metastore?useSSL=false</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
<value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
<value>root</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
<value>123456</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>
<value>/user/hive/warehouse</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hive.metastore.schema.verification</name>
<value>false</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hive.server2.thrift.port</name>
<value>10000</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hive.server2.thrift.bind.host</name>
<value>hadoop102</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hive.metastore.event.db.notification.api.auth</name>
<value>false</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hive.cli.print.header</name>
<value>true</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hive.cli.print.current.db</name>
<value>true</value>
</property>
</configuration>
3 启动Hive
1 初始化元数据库
（1）登陆MySQL
mysql -uroot -p123456
（2）新建Hive元数据库
create database metastore;
quit;
（3）初始化Hive元数据库
schematool -initSchema -dbType mysql -verbose
2 启动Hive客户端
（1）启动Hive客户端
bin/hive
（2）查看一下数据库
show databases;
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