搭建 Dashboard

Kubernetes Dashboard 是 Kubernetes 集群的基于 Web 的通用 UI。它允许用户管理在群集中运行的应用程序并对其进行故障排除，以及管理群集本身。

mkdir /opt/dashboard
​
cd /opt/dashboard
​
创建 kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
​
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system
​
---
​
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
      nodePort: 31000
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
​
---
​
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
  namespace: kube-system
type: Opaque
​
---
​
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-csrf
  namespace: kube-system
type: Opaque
data:
  csrf: ""
​
---
​
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder
  namespace: kube-system
type: Opaque
​
---
​
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-settings
  namespace: kube-system
​
---
​
kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system
rules:
  # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["secrets"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs", "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf"]
    verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["configmaps"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
    verbs: ["get", "update"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get metrics.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["proxy"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services/proxy"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:", "dashboard-metrics-scraper", "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["get"]
​
---
​
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Metrics Scraper to get metrics from the Metrics server
  - apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["pods", "nodes"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
​
---
​
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kube-system
​
---
​
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kube-system
​
---
​
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard
          image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.0.0
          imagePullPolicy: Always
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8443
              protocol: TCP
          args:
            - --auto-generate-certificates
            - --namespace=kube-system
            # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
            # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
            # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
            # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
          volumeMounts:
            - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
              mountPath: /certs
              # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
            - mountPath: /tmp
              name: tmp-volume
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTPS
              path: /
              port: 8443
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      volumes:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
          secret:
            secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule
​
---
​
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 8000
      targetPort: 8000
  selector:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
​
---
​
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
      annotations:
        seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: 'runtime/default'
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
          image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.4
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8000
              protocol: TCP
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTP
              path: /
              port: 8000
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          volumeMounts:
          - mountPath: /tmp
            name: tmp-volume
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule
      volumes:
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}
          
kubectl apply -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
​
kubectl get pod -n kube-system
​
kubectl edit svc kubernetes-dashboard -n kube-system

查看资源状态：

我们可以看到默认的 SVC 类型是 ClusterIP ， 用命令 kubectl edit svc kubernetes-dashboard -n kube-system 将其修改为 NodePort ，看到了暴露的端口号，这个时候我们使用 https://master IP ：端口号 进行访问，因为浏览器的问题可能会被拦截，可以使用火狐浏览器进行访问：

通过如下命令就能得到我们的令牌：
​
kubectl -n kube-system get secret | grep kubernetes-dashboard-token
# kubernetes-dashboard-token-rnjmx  kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      32m
​
kubectl describe secret kubernetes-dashboard-token-rnjmx -n kube-system

Metrics Server 部署

介绍 Metrics Server 前首先介绍下 Heapster，该工具是用于 Kubernetes 集群监控和性能分析工具，可以收集节点上的指标数据，例如，节点的 CPU、Memory、Network 和 Disk 的 Metric 数据。不过在 Kubernetes V1.11 版本后将被逐渐废弃。而 Metrics Server 正是 Heapster 的代替者。

Metrics Server 是 Kubernetes 集群核心监控数据的聚合器，可以通过 Metrics API 的形式获取 Metrics 数据，不过仅仅是获取指标的最新值，不对旧值进行存储，且不负责将指标转发到第三方目标。Metrics Server 还可以与 Kubectl 工具结合使用，提供 kubectl top 命令来展示集群中的指标数据，接下来我们开始部署 Metrics Server

cat metrics-server.yaml
​
## ServiceAccount
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system
---
## ClusterRole aggregated-metrics-reader
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: system:aggregated-metrics-reader
  labels:
    rbac.authorization.k8s.io/aggregate-to-view: "true"
    rbac.authorization.k8s.io/aggregate-to-edit: "true"
    rbac.authorization.k8s.io/aggregate-to-admin: "true"
rules:
- apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
  resources: ["pods","nodes"]
  verbs: ["get","list","watch"]
---
## ClusterRole metrics-server
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: system:metrics-server
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["pods","nodes","nodes/stats","namespaces","configmaps"]
  verbs: ["get","list","watch"]
---
## ClusterRoleBinding auth-delegator
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: metrics-server:system:auth-delegator
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:auth-delegator
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system
---
## RoleBinding metrics-server-auth-reader
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: metrics-server-auth-reader
  namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: extension-apiserver-authentication-reader
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system
---
## ClusterRoleBinding system:metrics-server
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: system:metrics-server
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:metrics-server
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system
---
## APIService
apiVersion: apiregistration.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: APIService
metadata:
  name: v1beta1.metrics.k8s.io
spec:
  service:
    name: metrics-server
    namespace: kube-system
  group: metrics.k8s.io
  version: v1beta1
  insecureSkipTLSVerify: true
  groupPriorityMinimum: 100
  versionPriority: 100
---
## Service
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/name: "Metrics-server"
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
spec:
  selector:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  ports:
  - port: 443
    targetPort: 4443
---
## Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: metrics-server
  template:
    metadata:
      name: metrics-server
      labels:
        k8s-app: metrics-server
    spec:
      hostNetwork: true
      serviceAccountName: metrics-server
      containers:
      - name: metrics-server
        image: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/metrics-server-amd64:v0.3.6
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        args:
          - --cert-dir=/tmp
          - --secure-port=4443
          - --kubelet-insecure-tls
          - --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalDNS,InternalIP,ExternalDNS,ExternalIP,Hostname
        ports:
        - name: main-port
          containerPort: 4443
          protocol: TCP
        securityContext:
          readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
          runAsNonRoot: true
          runAsUser: 1000
        resources:
          limits:
            memory: 1Gi
            cpu: 1000m
          requests:
            memory: 1Gi
            cpu: 1000m
        volumeMounts:
        - name: tmp-dir
          mountPath: /tmp
        - name: localtime
          readOnly: true
          mountPath: /etc/localtime
      volumes:
      - name: tmp-dir
        emptyDir: {}
      - name: localtime
        hostPath:
          type: File
          path: /etc/localtime
      nodeSelector:
        kubernetes.io/os: linux
        kubernetes.io/arch: "amd64"