Java面向对象程序设计

程序示例

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抽象父类 – People，分别定义好姓名，年龄以及家庭住址以及全参构造器

abstract class People {
    public String name;
    public int age;
    public String address;

    People(String name , int age , String address) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.address = address;
    }

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下分三个子类分别继承于People类，子类的构造函数中会自动调用父类的构造函数，由于父类当中已经定义好了有参构造器， 系统不再提供默认无参构造器给父类，此时子类需使用super关键字用于从子类中调用父类的构造方法，成员变量或者成员方法。

class Student extends People {	//学生类
    private double freeMoney;
    Student(String name , int age  , String address , double freeMoney) {
        super(name , age , address );
        this.freeMoney = freeMoney;
    }
    public void show() {	 //重写父类当中的抽象方法
        System.out.println("名字是：" + name + " 年龄是：" + age + " 地址是：" +
                " 现在有" + freeMoney + "元零花钱");
    }
}

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class Singer extends People {	//歌手类
    private double salary;
    Singer(String name , int age , String address , double salary) {
        super(name , age , address );
        this.salary = salary;
    }
    public void show() {	//重写父类当中的抽象方法
        System.out.println("名字是：" + name + " 年龄是：" + age + " 地址是："
                + address + " 一个月有" + salary + "元工资");
    }
}

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class Doctor extends People{	//医生类
    private short num;
    Doctor(String name , int age , String address , short num){
        super(name , age , address);
        this.num = num;
    }
    public void show() {	//重写父类当中的抽象方法
        System.out.println("名字是：" + name + " 年龄是：" + age + " 地址是：" + address +
                " 我一天要接待" + num + "名病人");
    }
}

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主类PeopleTest类
父类引用指向子类的对象，People分别向上转型创建三种对象Student、Doctor、Singer，并且分别调用其重写好的show()方法

public class PeopleTest{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        People[] p = new People[3];
        //多态的体现
        p[0] = new Student("小学生" , 12 , "0路" , 1000);
        p[1] = new Singer("一位不知名的歌手",22,"3路",3000);
        p[2] = new Doctor("张医生" , 35 , "4路" , (short) 2);
        for (int i = 0; i < p.length; i++) {
            p[i].show();
        }
    }
}