Spring基础开发

最新推荐文章于 2025-03-31 23:50:48 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2025-03-31 23:50:48 发布

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文章标签： spring java 后端

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_51235449/article/details/130443847

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1.使用构造注入完成属性赋值

（1）创建实体Greeting，构造一个带参数构造器

public class Greeting {
    //说话的人
    private String person;
    //说话的内容
    private String words;

    public Greeting() {
    }

    public Greeting(String person, String words) {
        this.person = person;
        this.words = words;
    }

    public String getPerson() {
        return person;
    }

    public void setPerson(String person) {
        this.person = person;
    }

    public String getWords() {
        return words;
    }

    public void setWords(String words) {
        this.words = words;
    }
    /*
     * 定义说话的方法
     * */
    public void sayGreeting(){
        System.out.println(person+"说：“"+words+"”");
    }
}

（2）编写beans.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <!--使用有参构造函数创建对象 根据参数位置传值-->
    <bean id="ikun" class="pojo.Greeting" >
        <constructor-arg index="0" value="ikun"/>
        <constructor-arg index="1" value="我是练习时长2年半的练习生，我喜欢花式敲代码，我会唱跳rap篮球敲代码！"/>
    </bean>
<!--    根据参数名称传值-->
    <bean id="rod" class="pojo.Greeting" >
        <constructor-arg name="person" value="Rod" />
        <constructor-arg name="words" value="世界上有10中人，认识二进制的和不认识二进制的。" />
    </bean>
</beans>

（3）测试用例

    @Test
    public void pNameTest(){
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
        Greeting ikun= (Greeting) context.getBean("ikun");
        ikun.sayGreeting();
        Greeting rod = (Greeting) context.getBean("rod");
        rod.sayGreeting();
    }

2.使用p命名空间注入直接量

（1）创建beans.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
 <!--p命名空间注入，可以直接注入属性的值：property-->
    <bean id="zhangGa" class="pojo.Greeting" p:person="嘎子" p:words="三天不打小鬼子，手都痒痒！"/>
    <bean id="rod" class="pojo.Greeting" p:person="Rod" p:words="世界上有10中人，认识二进制的和不认识二进制的。"/>
    <bean id="rodc" class="pojo.Greeting" c:_0="Rod" c:_1="世界上有10中人，认识二进制的和不认识二进制的。"/>
</beans>

（2）测试用例

    @Test
    public void pNameTest(){
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("pbeans.xml");
        Greeting zhangGa= (Greeting) context.getBean("zhangGa");
        zhangGa.sayGreeting();
        Greeting rod = (Greeting) context.getBean("rod");
        rod.sayGreeting();
    }

注意，关于p，c命名注入是必须在beans.xml文件的beans上加以上内容表示引用

以下是关于我学习p，c命名空间是的注入的链接

(4条消息) spring——Spring Bean属性注入——短命名空间注入——p 命名空间注入（setter注入）..._小白龙白龙马的博客-CSDN博客 (4条消息) spring 使用p命名空间和c命名空间进行依赖注入_使用p命名空间注入直接量_而活的博客-CSDN博客

3.使用p命名空间注入Bean组件

（1）创建实体类User

public class User {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

（2）创建DAO包，创建UserDao接口，里面有save方法

public interface UserDao {
    void save(User user);
}

实现UseDao接口UserDaoImpl类

public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao{
    @Override
    public void save(User user) {
        System.out.println(user.toString());
        System.out.println("保存用户信息导数据库");
    }
}

(3)创建Service包，并创建UserService接口

public interface UserService {
    void addUser(User user);
}

实现UserService接口UserServiceImpl

public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
    private UserDao dao;
    public UserServiceImpl(UserDao dao) {
        this.dao = dao;
    }
    public UserServiceImpl() {
    }
    @Override
    public void addUser(User user) {
        dao.save(user);
    }
}

(4)创建beans.xm文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <bean id="user" class="pojo.User" p:name="ikun" p:age="25"/>
    <bean id="userDao" class="DAO.UserDaoImpl"/>
    <bean id="userService" class="Service.UserServiceImpl">
        <constructor-arg>
            <ref bean="userDao" />
        </constructor-arg>
    </bean>
</beans>

（5）测试

    @Test
    public void addUser() {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
        User user = (User) context.getBean("user");
        UserServiceImpl userService = (UserServiceImpl) context.getBean("userService");
        userService.addUser(user);
    }

4.使用注解实现依赖注入

（1）编写UserDao接口及其实现类UserDaoImpl，使用恰当的注解将实现类标注为Bean组件。

public interface UserDao {
    void save(User user);
}

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import pojo.User;
@Component("userDao")
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao{
    @Override
    public void save(User user) {
        System.out.println(user.toString());
        System.out.println("保存用户信息导数据库");
    }
}

(2)编写业务接口UserService及其实现类UserServiceImpl，使用恰当的注解将实现类标注为Bean组件。

public interface UserService {
    void addUser(User user);
}

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import DAO.UserDao;
import pojo.User;
@Service("userService")
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("userDao")
    private UserDao dao;
    public UserServiceImpl(UserDao dao) {
        this.dao = dao;
    }
    public UserServiceImpl() {
    }
    @Override
    public void addUser(User user) {
        dao.save(user);
    }
}

(3 )使用注解为业务Bean注入所依赖的Dao组件

(4 )编写Spring配置文件，使用注解配置信息启动Spring容器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd">
        <!--注入类参数-->
<!--    <bean id="user" class="pojo.User" p:name="ikun" p:age="25"/>-->
    <!--
        使用注解方式进行创建对象
        1.开启注解扫描

        含义:开启注解扫描,指定了 base-package 扫描指定的包,扫描包与子包中所有的类
        查看类上是否有指定的注解, 如果类上有指定的注解,那么就创建给类对象,
        放到spring容器中
    -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="Service,DAO,pojo"/>
</beans>

(5)编写测试代码，运行代码以检验效果。

    @Test
    public void getUser() {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
        User user = (User) context.getBean("user");
//        User user=new User("ikun",25);
        UserServiceImpl userServiceImpl = (UserServiceImpl) context.getBean("userService");
        userServiceImpl.addUser(user);
    }

由于这里要传入一个实例user，所以这里有很多方法，在beans.xml文件中声明一个user，传入参数，也可以使用注解@Value传入参数

public class User {
    @Value("ikun")
    private String name;
    @Value("25")
    private int age;
    //get,set,构造器,toString()方法...
}

注意，在创建beans.xml文件，引用context:component-scan时需要添加下面的内容

否则会出现以下错误，-3.2可以去掉，

org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionStoreException: Line 16 in XML document from class path resource [beans.xml] is invalid; nested exception is org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; lineNumber: 16; columnNumber: 62; cvc-complex-type.2.4.c: 通配符的匹配很全面, 但无法找到元素 'context:component-scan' 的声明。

学习链接

(4条消息) Spring 使用注解实现依赖注入_spring注释依赖_小伙阿k的博客-CSDN博客

5.使用.properties文件加载配置注入集合类型的属性

(1)编写Spring配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd">
    <bean id="personList" class="pojo.person">
        <property name="hobbies">
            <list>
                <value>唱</value>
                <value>跳</value>
                <value>rap</value>
                <value>篮球</value>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>
    <bean id="personSet" class="pojo.person">
        <property name="hobbies">
            <set>
                <value>唱</value>
                <value>跳</value>
                <value>rap</value>
                <value>篮球</value>
            </set>
        </property>
    </bean>
    <bean id="personMap" class="pojo.person">
        <property name="hobbies">
            <map>
                <entry>
                    <key><value>sing</value></key>
                    <value>唱</value>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                    <key><value>jump</value></key>
                    <value>跳</value>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                    <key><value>Rap</value></key>
                    <value>rap</value>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                    <key><value>basketball</value></key>
                    <value>篮球</value>
                </entry>
            </map>
        </property>
    </bean>
    <bean id="personProperties" class="pojo.person">
        <property name="hobbies">
            <props>
               <prop key="sing">唱</prop>
               <prop key="jump">跳</prop>
               <prop key="Rap">Rap</prop>
               <prop key="basketBall">篮球</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>
</beans>

（2）实体类person

public class person {
    private List hobbies;
    public List getHobbies() {
        return hobbies;
    }
    public void setHobbies(List hobbies) {
        this.hobbies = hobbies;
    }

}

(3)测试

    @Test
    public void updateUser() {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
        person userList = (person) context.getBean("personList");
        System.out.println(userList.getHobbies().toString());
        person userSet = (person) context.getBean("personSet");
        System.out.println(userSet.getHobbies().toString());
        person userMap = (person) context.getBean("personMap");
        System.out.println(userMap.getHobbies().toString());
        person personProperties = (person) context.getBean("personProperties");
        System.out.println(personProperties.getHobbies().toString());
    }