C++初阶Day22

引用计数器 写实拷贝

class String;
class String_rep//引用计数类
{
	friend class String;
	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const String &s);
public:
	String_rep(const char *str = ""):use_count(0)
	{
		m_data = new char[strlen(str)+1];
		assert(m_data != NULL);
		strcpy(m_data, str);
	}
	String_rep(const String_rep &rep);
	String_rep& operator=(const String_rep &rep);
	~String_rep()
	{
		delete []m_data;
		m_data = NULL;                                                               
	}
public:
	int get_use_count()const
	{
		return use_count;
	}
	void increment()
	{
		++use_count;
	}
	void decrement()
	{
		if(--use_count == 0)
		{
			delete this;  //自杀式  先调用析构函数释放m_data数据空间再释放对象（自己）空间
		}
	}
private:
	char *m_data;
	int use_count;
};

class String
{
	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const String &s);
public:
	String(const char *str = "")
	{
		rep = new String_rep(str);//new申请空间，调用String_rep的构造函数给数据空间进行初始化。体现了new和malloc、calloc的区别。
		rep->increment();//计数
	}
	String(const String &s)
	{
		rep = s.rep;//浅拷贝
		rep->increment();//计数
	}
	String& operator=(const String &s)
	{
		if(this != &s)
		{
			rep->decrement();//先修改之前指向空间的计数
			rep = s.rep;//修改指向
			rep->increment();//修改当前指向空间的计数
		}
		return *this;
	}
	~String()
	{
		rep->decrement();
	}
public:
	//写时拷贝  难点
	void to_upper()
	{
		if(rep->get_use_count() > 1)//是否重新开辟空间
		{
			String_rep *new_rep = new String_rep(rep->m_data);
			rep->decrement();
			rep = new_rep;
			rep->increment();
		}

		char *ch = rep->m_data;
		while(*ch != '\0')//注意ch是指针，*ch取值
		{
			if(*ch>='a' && *ch<='z')
				*ch -= 32;

			ch++;//ch指向偏移一位
		}
	}
private:
	String_rep *rep;
};

ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const String &s)
{
	out<<s.rep->m_data;
	return out;
}

void main()
{
	String s1("abc");//创见对象并初始化
	cout<<"s1 = "<<s1<<endl;

	String s2 = s1;//拷贝构造
	cout<<"s2 = "<<s2<<endl;

	s1.to_upper();//字母转换
	cout<<"s1 = "<<s1<<endl;

	cout<<"s2 = "<<s2<<endl;
}