getOrDefault()方法:
getOrDefault(key,default)如果存在key,则返回对应的value值;否则,返回给定的默认值default
/**
* 给定一个字符串数组words,数组长度为num,
* String[] words={"asd","wer","qwe","asd","jkl","wer"};
* 问:使用哈希表map记录words中每个字符串出现的次数
*/
Map<String,Integer> map=new HashMap<>();
for(String word:words){
map.put(word,map.getOrDefault(word,0)+1);
}