07-子查询

关于子查询的一些练习

-- 子查询（嵌套查询）
数据准备
链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1SlQxvy96xVPkGdg2gTAY8w 
提取码：18n4
-- 谁的工资比Abel的工资高？
SELECT last_name, salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary > (
    SELECT salary
    FROM employees
    WHERE last_name = 'Abel'
);
-- 子查询分类
/*
1.单行子查询（子查询结果只有一个值） VS 多行子查询（子查询的结果有多个）
2.内查询是否被执行多次：相关子查询 VS 不相关子查询
*/

-- 单行子查询 （从里往外写，从外往里写）
-- 查询工资大于149号员工工资的员工信息
SELECT last_name, salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary > (
    SELECT salary
    FROM employees
    WHERE employee_id = 149
);
-- 返回job_id与141号员工相同，工资比143号员工多的员工姓名，job_id和工资
SELECT last_name, job_id, salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id = (
    SELECT job_id
    FROM employees
    WHERE employee_id = 141
)
  AND salary > (
    SELECT salary
    FROM employees
    WHERE employee_id = 143
);
-- 返回公司工资最少的员工的信息
SELECT last_name, salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary = (
    SELECT MIN(salary)
    FROM employees
);
-- 题目：查询与141员工的manager_id和department_id相同的其他员工的employee_id，manager_id，department_id
SELECT employee_id, manager_id, department_id
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id = (SELECT manager_id
                    FROM employees
                    WHERE employee_id = 141)
  AND department_id = (
    SELECT department_id
    FROM employees
    WHERE employee_id = 141
)
  AND employee_id <> 141;
-- having中的子查询
-- 查询最低工资大于110号部门的最低工资的部门id和其最低工资
SELECT department_id, MIN(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE department_id IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING MIN(salary) > (
    SELECT MIN(salary)
    FROM employees
    WHERE department_id = 110
);

-- 题目：显式员工的employee_id,last_name和location。
-- 其中，若员工department_id与location_id为1800的department_id相同，则location为’Canada’，其余则为’USA’。
SELECT employee_id,
       last_name,
       (CASE department_id
            WHEN (SELECT department_id
                  FROM departments
                  WHERE location_id = 1800) THEN 'Canada'
            ELSE 'USA' END) `location`
FROM employees;


-- 5.多行子查询
-- 多行子查询的操作符 in any all some

-- 题目：返回其它job_id中比job_id为‘IT_PROG’部门任一工资低的员工的员工号、姓名、job_id 以及salary
SELECT employee_id, last_name, job_id, salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary < ANY (
    SELECT salary
    FROM employees
    WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG'
)
  AND job_id <> 'IT_PROG';
-- 题目：返回其它job_id中比job_id为‘IT_PROG’部门所有工资低的员工的员工号、姓名、job_id 以及salary
SELECT employee_id, last_name, job_id, salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary < ALL (
    SELECT salary
    FROM employees
    WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG'
)
  AND job_id <> 'IT_PROG';

-- 查询平均工资最低的部门id
SELECT department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING AVG(salary) <= ALL ((SELECT AVG(salary)
                            FROM employees
                            GROUP BY department_id));

-- 6.相关子查询
-- 题目：查询员工中工资大于本部门平均工资的员工的last_name,salary和其department_id
SELECT last_name, salary, department_id
FROM employees e1
WHERE salary > (SELECT AVG(salary)
                FROM employees
                WHERE department_id = e1.department_id
);
-- 若employees表中employee_id与job_history表中employee_id相同的数目不小于2，
-- 输出这些相同id的员工的employee_id,last_name和其job_id
SELECT employee_id, last_name, job_id
FROM employees e
WHERE 2 <= (
    SELECT COUNT(*)
    FROM job_history j
    WHERE j.employee_id = e.employee_id
);

-- exist / not exist;
-- 题目：查询公司管理者的employee_id，last_name，job_id，department_id信息
-- 自连接
SELECT DISTINCT e2.employee_id, e2.last_name, e2.job_id, e2.department_id
FROM employees e1
         JOIN employees e2
              ON e1.manager_id = e2.employee_id;

-- 子查询
SELECT employee_id, last_name, job_id, department_id
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id IN (SELECT DISTINCT manager_id
                      FROM employees);
-- exists
SELECT employee_id, last_name, job_id, department_id
FROM employees e1
WHERE EXISTS(
              SELECT *
              FROM employees e2
              WHERE e1.employee_id = e2.manager_id
          );
-- 课后练习
#1.查询和Zlotkey相同部门的员工姓名和工资
SELECT last_name, salary
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = (
    SELECT department_id
    FROM employees
    WHERE last_name = 'Zlotkey'
);

#2.查询工资比公司平均工资高的员工的员工号，姓名和工资。
SELECT employee_id, last_name, salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary > (
    SELECT AVG(salary)
    FROM employees
);

#3.选择工资大于所有JOB_ID = 'SA_MAN'的员工的工资的员工的last_name, job_id, salary
SELECT last_name, job_id, salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary > ALL (
    SELECT salary
    FROM employees
    WHERE job_id = 'SA_MAN'
);

#4.查询和姓名  中包含字母u  的员工在相同部门的员工   的员工号和姓名
SELECT employee_id, last_name
FROM employees e
WHERE department_id = ANY (SELECT DISTINCT department_id
                           FROM employees e2
                           WHERE e2.last_name LIKE '%u%'
);

#5.查询在部门的location_id为1700的部门工作的员工的员工号
SELECT employee_id
FROM employees
WHERE department_id IN (
    SELECT department_id
    FROM departments
    WHERE location_id = 1700
);

#6.查询管理者是King的员工姓名和工资
SELECT last_name, salary
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id IN (
    SELECT employee_id
    FROM employees
    WHERE last_name = 'King'
);

#7.查询工资最低的员工信息: last_name, salary
SELECT last_name, salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary <= ALL (
    SELECT salary
    FROM employees
);

#8.查询平均工资最低的部门 信息
SELECT *
FROM departments
WHERE department_id = (SELECT department_id
                       FROM employees
                       GROUP BY department_id
                       HAVING AVG(salary) <= ALL (
                           SELECT AVG(salary)
                           FROM employees
                           GROUP BY employees.department_id
                       ));

#9.查询平均工资最低的部门信息和该部门的平均工资（相关子查询）
SELECT d.*, (SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees WHERE department_id = d.`department_id`) avg_sal
FROM departments d
WHERE department_id = (SELECT department_id
                       FROM employees
                       GROUP BY department_id
                       HAVING AVG(salary) <= ALL
                              (SELECT AVG(salary) avg_sal FROM employees GROUP BY department_id));

#10.查询平均工资最高的 job 信息
SELECT *
FROM jobs
WHERE job_id = (
    SELECT job_id
    FROM employees
    GROUP BY job_id
    HAVING AVG(salary) >= ALL (
        SELECT AVG(salary)
        FROM employees
        GROUP BY job_id
    )
);
#11.查询平均工资高于公司平均工资的部门有哪些?
SELECT department_id
FROM employees
WHERE department_id IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING AVG(salary) > (
    -- 公司平均工资
    SELECT AVG(salary)
    FROM employees
);

#12.查询出公司中所有 manager 的详细信息
SELECT *
FROM employees e
         JOIN employees m ON e.manager_id = m.employee_id;

#13.各个部门中 最高工资中最低的那个部门的 最低工资是多少?
SELECT MIN(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = (
    SELECT department_id
    FROM employees
    GROUP BY department_id
    HAVING MAX(salary) <= ALL (
        SELECT MAX(salary)
        FROM employees
        GROUP BY department_id
    )
);