Kubeadm拉起一个测试环境的Kubernetes集群（1.20.0版本）

说明：此文档为了便于自己搭建测试环境使用

1、集群环境

k8s-master	192.168.92.100
k8s-node1	192.168.92.200
k8s-node2	192.168.92.201

 

Kubernetes版本	kubelet-1.20.0 kubeadm-1.20.0 kubectl-1.20.0
docker版本	docker-ce-19.03.0-3.el7

2、所有机器进行初始化

#配置主机名和host解析（三个节点都一样）
[root@k8s-master ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.92.100 k8s-master
192.168.92.200 k8s-node1
192.168.92.201 k8s-node2

#关闭防火墙和selinux和swap
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

setenforce 0
sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
swapoff -a && sed -i '/ swap / s/^\(.*\)$/#\1/g' /etc/fstab


#优化内核配置
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf <<EOF 
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle=0
vm.swappiness=0 #禁止使用swap空间,只有当系统 OOM 时才允许使用它
vm.overcommit_memory=1#不检查物理内存是否够用
vm.panic_on_oom=0 #开启OOM 
fs.inotify.max_user_instances=8192 
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=1048576
fs.file-max=52706963 fs.nr_open=52706963
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720
EOF
sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf


#升级服务器内核为4.4
rpm -Uvh http://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-3.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm

yum --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel install -y kernel-lt

grub2-set-default 'CentOS Linux (4.4.189-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64) 7 (Core)'

reboot

#配置kuber-proxy开启ipvs前置条件
modprobe br_netfilter
cat > /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules <<EOF
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack_ipv4 
EOF
chmod 755 /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack_ipv4
(这里有问题，不用管 modprobe: FATAL: Module nf_conntrack_ipv4 not found.)

#安装docker-ce服务
#安装docker依赖
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2

#配置阿里yum源
yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/extras/x86_64/Packages/container-selinux-2.107-1.el7_6.noarch.rpm

rpm -ivh container-selinux-2.107-1.el7_6.noarch.rpm --nodeps --force

yum list docker-ce --showduplicates

yum -y install docker-ce-19.03.0-3.el7

systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart docker && systemctl enable docker

cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://b9pmyelo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
  "exec-opts":["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"], "log-driver": "json-file",
  "log-opts":{
     "max-size":"100m"
  }
} 
EOF

mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d

7、安装kubeadm
#配置yum源
cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo <<EOF 
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

yum install -y kubelet-1.20.0 kubeadm-1.20.0 kubectl-1.20.0
systemctl enable kubelet

3、k8s-master开始集群的初始化

#初始化主节点（注意cpu必须2核以上）
kubeadm config print init-defaults > kubeadm-config.yaml

#初始化文件修改vim kubeadm-config.yaml
localAPIEndpoint:
  advertiseAddress: 192.168.10.20 #改为master本机地址
  bindPort: 6443
nodeRegistration:
  criSocket: /var/run/dockershim.sock
  name: k8s-master01
  taints:
  - effect: NoSchedule
    key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
kubernetesVersion: v1.20.0  #版本需要更新为本次安装版本
networking:
  dnsDomain: cluster.local
  podSubnet: "10.244.0.0/16"  #新增配置为默认地址
  serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12
scheduler: {}

imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers #修改从阿里镜像仓库拉取镜像


#初始化文件更新完成后初始化（注初始化文件和日志特别重要要保留）
kubeadm init --config=kubeadm-config.yaml|tee kubeadm-init.log

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
kubeadm join 192.168.92.100:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:b8d1f461dcab4d21c30ae951be03b2ca2ee1d16bf9b1d950a7434f4073cffb5f 

4、k8-node节点加入k8s-master集群

kubeadm join 192.168.92.100:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:b8d1f461dcab4d21c30ae951be03b2ca2ee1d16bf9b1d950a7434f4073cffb5f 

5、配置flannel网络策略（在master节点）

#下载flannel的yaml文件直接部署（如果下载不到，直接粘贴）
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
kubectl create -f kube-flannel.yml

cat kube-flannel
---
apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
kind: PodSecurityPolicy
metadata:
  name: psp.flannel.unprivileged
  annotations:
    seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: docker/default
    seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: docker/default
    apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: runtime/default
    apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/default
spec:
  privileged: false
  volumes:
  - configMap
  - secret
  - emptyDir
  - hostPath
  allowedHostPaths:
  - pathPrefix: "/etc/cni/net.d"
  - pathPrefix: "/etc/kube-flannel"
  - pathPrefix: "/run/flannel"
  readOnlyRootFilesystem: false
  # Users and groups
  runAsUser:
    rule: RunAsAny
  supplementalGroups:
    rule: RunAsAny
  fsGroup:
    rule: RunAsAny
  # Privilege Escalation
  allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
  defaultAllowPrivilegeEscalation: false
  # Capabilities
  allowedCapabilities: ['NET_ADMIN', 'NET_RAW']
  defaultAddCapabilities: []
  requiredDropCapabilities: []
  # Host namespaces
  hostPID: false
  hostIPC: false
  hostNetwork: true
  hostPorts:
  - min: 0
    max: 65535
  # SELinux
  seLinux:
    # SELinux is unused in CaaSP
    rule: 'RunAsAny'
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: flannel
rules:
- apiGroups: ['extensions']
  resources: ['podsecuritypolicies']
  verbs: ['use']
  resourceNames: ['psp.flannel.unprivileged']
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - pods
  verbs:
  - get
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - nodes
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - nodes/status
  verbs:
  - patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: flannel
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-cfg
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
data:
  cni-conf.json: |
    {
      "name": "cbr0",
      "cniVersion": "0.3.1",
      "plugins": [
        {
          "type": "flannel",
          "delegate": {
            "hairpinMode": true,
            "isDefaultGateway": true
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "portmap",
          "capabilities": {
            "portMappings": true
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  net-conf.json: |
    {
      "Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
      "Backend": {
        "Type": "vxlan"
      }
    }
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
            - matchExpressions:
              - key: kubernetes.io/os
                operator: In
                values:
                - linux
      hostNetwork: true
      priorityClassName: system-node-critical
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.14.0-rc1
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.14.0-rc1
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
            add: ["NET_ADMIN", "NET_RAW"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:
      - name: run
        hostPath:
          path: /run/flannel
      - name: cni
        hostPath:
          path: /etc/cni/net.d
      - name: flannel-cfg
        configMap:
          name: kube-flannel-cfg

#查看集群状态与所有pod的状态
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME         STATUS   ROLES                  AGE   VERSION
k8s-master   Ready    control-plane,master   53m   v1.20.0
k8s-node1    Ready    <none>                 15m   v1.20.0
k8s-node2    Ready    <none>                 15m   v1.20.0

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pod -A 
NAMESPACE     NAME                                 READY   STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
kube-system   coredns-7f89b7bc75-hzzh2             0/1     ContainerCreating   0          53m
kube-system   coredns-7f89b7bc75-t7bzw             1/1     Running             0          53m
kube-system   etcd-k8s-master                      1/1     Running             0          54m
kube-system   kube-apiserver-k8s-master            1/1     Running             0          54m
kube-system   kube-controller-manager-k8s-master   1/1     Running             1          54m
kube-system   kube-flannel-ds-jpbz4                1/1     Running             0          7m29s
kube-system   kube-flannel-ds-xt682                1/1     Running             0          7m29s
kube-system   kube-flannel-ds-xtht4                1/1     Running             0          7m29s
kube-system   kube-proxy-g7fwj                     1/1     Running             0          16m
kube-system   kube-proxy-g7nlm                     1/1     Running             0          53m
kube-system   kube-proxy-z5486                     1/1     Running             0          16m
kube-system   kube-scheduler-k8s-master            1/1     Running             1          54m

6、配置Kubernets的命令行自动补全公功能

yum install -y bash-completion
source /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
source <(kubectl completion bash)
echo "source <(kubectl completion bash)" >> ~/.bashrc