Numpy-ndarray（Numpy库入门）

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已于 2023-09-25 15:11:41 修改

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分类专栏： # Numpy 文章标签： numpy

于 2023-09-23 21:40:55 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_55414382/article/details/133213539

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一、简介

二、ndarray属性

三、ndarray创建方法

import numpy  as np
# ndarray创建方式一
a = np.array((1,1,2,2,3,3))
print(a)

b = np.array([1,1,3,3,2,2])
print(b)

c = np.array([[1,3],[3,4],(1.0,2.0)])
print(c)

result:
[1 1 2 2 3 3]
[1 1 3 3 2 2]
[[1. 3.]
 [3. 4.]
 [1. 2.]]

二、ndarray创建方法

# 创建array方式二
d = np.arange(5)
print(d)

e = np.ones(a.shape)
print(e)

f = np.zeros((2,4))
print(f)

g = np.full((2,2),6)
print(g)

h = np.eye(5)
print(h)

result:
[0 1 2 3 4]
[1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1.]
[[0. 0. 0. 0.]
 [0. 0. 0. 0.]]
[[6 6]
 [6 6]]
[[1. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
 [0. 1. 0. 0. 0.]
 [0. 0. 1. 0. 0.]
 [0. 0. 0. 1. 0.]
 [0. 0. 0. 0. 1.]]

c = np.full((3,4,5),6)
c
Out[29]: 
array([[[6, 6, 6, 6, 6],
        [6, 6, 6, 6, 6],
        [6, 6, 6, 6, 6],
        [6, 6, 6, 6, 6]],
       [[6, 6, 6, 6, 6],
        [6, 6, 6, 6, 6],
        [6, 6, 6, 6, 6],
        [6, 6, 6, 6, 6]],
       [[6, 6, 6, 6, 6],
        [6, 6, 6, 6, 6],
        [6, 6, 6, 6, 6],
        [6, 6, 6, 6, 6]]])
d = np.ones_like(c)
d
Out[31]: 
array([[[1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
        [1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
        [1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
        [1, 1, 1, 1, 1]],
       [[1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
        [1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
        [1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
        [1, 1, 1, 1, 1]],
       [[1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
        [1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
        [1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
        [1, 1, 1, 1, 1]]])
e = np.zeros_like(c)
e
Out[33]: 
array([[[0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]],
       [[0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]],
       [[0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]])

f = np.full_like(c,8)
f
Out[36]: 
array([[[8, 8, 8, 8, 8],
        [8, 8, 8, 8, 8],
        [8, 8, 8, 8, 8],
        [8, 8, 8, 8, 8]],
       [[8, 8, 8, 8, 8],
        [8, 8, 8, 8, 8],
        [8, 8, 8, 8, 8],
        [8, 8, 8, 8, 8]],
       [[8, 8, 8, 8, 8],
        [8, 8, 8, 8, 8],
        [8, 8, 8, 8, 8],
        [8, 8, 8, 8, 8]]])

g = np.linspace(0,10,20)
g
Out[44]: 
array([ 0.        ,  0.52631579,  1.05263158,  1.57894737,  2.10526316,
        2.63157895,  3.15789474,  3.68421053,  4.21052632,  4.73684211,
        5.26315789,  5.78947368,  6.31578947,  6.84210526,  7.36842105,
        7.89473684,  8.42105263,  8.94736842,  9.47368421, 10.        ])
h = np.full_like(g,6.6)
h
Out[49]: 
array([6.6, 6.6, 6.6, 6.6, 6.6, 6.6, 6.6, 6.6, 6.6, 6.6, 6.6, 6.6, 6.6,
       6.6, 6.6, 6.6, 6.6, 6.6, 6.6, 6.6])
i = np.concatenate((g,h))
i
Out[52]: 
array([ 0.        ,  0.52631579,  1.05263158,  1.57894737,  2.10526316,
        2.63157895,  3.15789474,  3.68421053,  4.21052632,  4.73684211,
        5.26315789,  5.78947368,  6.31578947,  6.84210526,  7.36842105,
        7.89473684,  8.42105263,  8.94736842,  9.47368421, 10.        ,
        6.6       ,  6.6       ,  6.6       ,  6.6       ,  6.6       ,
        6.6       ,  6.6       ,  6.6       ,  6.6       ,  6.6       ,
        6.6       ,  6.6       ,  6.6       ,  6.6       ,  6.6       ,
        6.6       ,  6.6       ,  6.6       ,  6.6       ,  6.6       ])

三、ndarray变换

a
Out[62]: 
array([[[1, 1, 1, 1],
        [1, 1, 1, 1],
        [1, 1, 1, 1]],
       [[1, 1, 1, 1],
        [1, 1, 1, 1],
        [1, 1, 1, 1]]])
a.reshape((2,12))
Out[63]: 
array([[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
       [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]])
a
Out[64]: 
array([[[1, 1, 1, 1],
        [1, 1, 1, 1],
        [1, 1, 1, 1]],
       [[1, 1, 1, 1],
        [1, 1, 1, 1],
        [1, 1, 1, 1]]])
a.resize((2,12))
a
Out[66]: 
array([[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
       [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]])
a = np.ones((2,3,4),dtype = np.int32)
a
Out[68]: 
array([[[1, 1, 1, 1],
        [1, 1, 1, 1],
        [1, 1, 1, 1]],
       [[1, 1, 1, 1],
        [1, 1, 1, 1],
        [1, 1, 1, 1]]])
#resize 返回一个NoneType并且修改原数组
c = a.resize((12,2))
c
print(c)
None
a
Out[77]: 
array([[1, 1],
       [1, 1],
       [1, 1],
       [1, 1],
       [1, 1],
       [1, 1],
       [1, 1],
       [1, 1],
       [1, 1],
       [1, 1],
       [1, 1],
       [1, 1]])

a = np.ones((12,2),dtype=float32)
Out[88]: 
array([[1., 1.],
       [1., 1.],
       [1., 1.],
       [1., 1.],
       [1., 1.],
       [1., 1.],
       [1., 1.],
       [1., 1.],
       [1., 1.],
       [1., 1.],
       [1., 1.],
       [1., 1.]], dtype=float32)
new_a = a.astype(np.int32)
new_a
Out[90]: 
array([[1, 1],
       [1, 1],
       [1, 1],
       [1, 1],
       [1, 1],
       [1, 1],
       [1, 1],
       [1, 1],
       [1, 1],
       [1, 1],
       [1, 1],
       [1, 1]])
#该方法返回一个新数组，并且不影响原数组，相当于拷贝

c = np.full((2,3,4),99,dtype=np.int16)
c
Out[95]: 
array([[[99, 99, 99, 99],
        [99, 99, 99, 99],
        [99, 99, 99, 99]],
       [[99, 99, 99, 99],
        [99, 99, 99, 99],
        [99, 99, 99, 99]]], dtype=int16)
c.tolist()
Out[96]: 
[[[99, 99, 99, 99], [99, 99, 99, 99], [99, 99, 99, 99]],
 [[99, 99, 99, 99], [99, 99, 99, 99], [99, 99, 99, 99]]]

四、ndarray操作

a = np.array([1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8])
a[4]
Out[98]: 5
a[1:4:1]
Out[99]: array([2, 3, 4])
a = np.arange(30).reshape((5,6))
a
Out[101]: 
array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5],
       [ 6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11],
       [12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17],
       [18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23],
       [24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29]])
a = np.arange(30).reshape((2,5,3))
a
Out[103]: 
array([[[ 0,  1,  2],
        [ 3,  4,  5],
        [ 6,  7,  8],
        [ 9, 10, 11],
        [12, 13, 14]],
       [[15, 16, 17],
        [18, 19, 20],
        [21, 22, 23],
        [24, 25, 26],
        [27, 28, 29]]])
a[1,2,2]
Out[104]: 23
a[-1,-2,-1]
Out[105]: 26
a[-2,-3,-2]
Out[106]: 7
a[:,:,1]
Out[107]: 
array([[ 1,  4,  7, 10, 13],
       [16, 19, 22, 25, 28]])
a[:,:,::2]
Out[108]: 
array([[[ 0,  2],
        [ 3,  5],
        [ 6,  8],
        [ 9, 11],
        [12, 14]],
       [[15, 17],
        [18, 20],
        [21, 23],
        [24, 26],
        [27, 29]]])
a[:,1:4:2,0:4:2]
Out[109]: 
array([[[ 3,  5],
        [ 9, 11]],
       [[18, 20],
        [24, 26]]])

五、ndarray运算

a = np.arange(20).reshape((4,5))
a
Out[119]: 
array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3,  4],
       [ 5,  6,  7,  8,  9],
       [10, 11, 12, 13, 14],
       [15, 16, 17, 18, 19]])
a = np.square(a)
a
Out[121]: 
array([[  0,   1,   4,   9,  16],
       [ 25,  36,  49,  64,  81],
       [100, 121, 144, 169, 196],
       [225, 256, 289, 324, 361]])
a = np.log10(a)
<ipython-input-122-220883be9793>:1: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log10
  a = np.log10(a)
a
Out[123]: 
array([[      -inf, 0.        , 0.60205999, 0.95424251, 1.20411998],
       [1.39794001, 1.5563025 , 1.69019608, 1.80617997, 1.90848502],
       [2.        , 2.08278537, 2.15836249, 2.2278867 , 2.29225607],
       [2.35218252, 2.40823997, 2.46089784, 2.51054501, 2.5575072 ]])
a = np.arange(20).reshape((4,5))
b = a + a 
b
Out[126]: 
array([[ 0,  2,  4,  6,  8],
       [10, 12, 14, 16, 18],
       [20, 22, 24, 26, 28],
       [30, 32, 34, 36, 38]])
c = a * a
c
Out[128]: 
array([[  0,   1,   4,   9,  16],
       [ 25,  36,  49,  64,  81],
       [100, 121, 144, 169, 196],
       [225, 256, 289, 324, 361]])
np.sign(c)
Out[129]: 
array([[0, 1, 1, 1, 1],
       [1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
       [1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
       [1, 1, 1, 1, 1]])
np.maximum(a,b)
Out[130]: 
array([[ 0,  2,  4,  6,  8],
       [10, 12, 14, 16, 18],
       [20, 22, 24, 26, 28],
       [30, 32, 34, 36, 38]])
a > b
Out[131]: 
array([[False, False, False, False, False],
       [False, False, False, False, False],
       [False, False, False, False, False],
       [False, False, False, False, False]])
a < b
Out[132]: 
array([[False,  True,  True,  True,  True],
       [ True,  True,  True,  True,  True],
       [ True,  True,  True,  True,  True],
       [ True,  True,  True,  True,  True]])

六、总结

七、练习

1. 导入numpy库并取别名为np (★☆☆)
(提示: import … as …)

import numpy as np
2. 打印输出numpy的版本和配置信息 (★☆☆)
(提示: np.__verison__, np.show_config)

print (np.__version__)
np.show_config()
3. 创建长度为10的零向量 (★☆☆)
(提示: np.zeros)

Z = np.zeros(10)
print (Z)
4. 获取数组所占内存大小 (★☆☆)
(提示: size, itemsize)

Z = np.zeros((10, 10))
print (Z.size * Z.itemsize)
5. 怎么用命令行获取numpy add函数的文档说明？ (★☆☆)
(提示: np.info)

np.info(np.add)
6. 创建一个长度为10的零向量，并把第五个值赋值为1 (★☆☆)
(提示: array[4])

Z = np.zeros(10)
Z[4] = 1
print (Z)
7. 创建一个值域为10到49的向量 (★☆☆)
(提示: np.arange)

Z = np.arange(10, 50)
print (Z)
8**. 将一个向量进行反转（第一个元素变为最后一个元素） (★☆☆)
(提示: array[::-1])

Z = np.arange(50)
Z = Z[::-1]
print (Z)
9. 创建一个3x3的矩阵，值域为0到8**(★☆☆)
(提示: reshape)

Z = np.arange(9).reshape(3, 3)
print (Z)
10. 从数组[1, 2, 0, 0, 4, 0]中找出非0元素的位置索引 (★☆☆)
(提示: np.nonzero)

nz = np.nonzero([1, 2, 0, 0, 4, 0])
print (NZ)
11. 创建一个3x3的单位矩阵 (★☆☆)
(提示: np.eye)

Z = np.eye(3)
print (Z)
12. 创建一个3x3x3的随机数组**(★☆☆)
(提示: np.random.random)

Z = np.random.random((3, 3, 3))
print (Z)
13. 创建一个10x10的随机数组，并找出该数组中的最大值与最小值**(★☆☆)
(提示: max, min)

Z = np.random.random((10, 10))
Zmax, Zmin = Z.max(), Z.min()
print (Z.max, Z.min)
14. 创建一个长度为30的随机向量，并求它的平均值 (★☆☆)
(提示: mean)

Z = np.random.random(30)
mean = Z.mean()
print (mean)