SpringMVC简单环境搭建

环境搭建

---

执行流程

1. 当启动Tomcat服务器的时候，因为配置了load-on-startup标签，所以会创建DispatcherServlet对象，
   就会加载springmvc.xml配置文件
2. 开启了注解扫描，那么HelloController对象就会被创建
3. 从index.jsp发送请求，请求会先到达DispatcherServlet核心控制器，根据配置@RequestMapping注解
   找到执行的具体方法
4. 根据执行方法的返回值，再根据配置的视图解析器，去指定的目录下查找指定名称的JSP文件
5. Tomcat服务器渲染页面，做出响应

1.导入jar包

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    <spring.version>5.3.9</spring.version>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.5</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
      <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.0</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

2. 配置核心的控制器（配置DispatcherServlet）在web.xml配置文件中配置

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
                    http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
       version="4.0"
       metadata-complete="true">

  <!--配置解决中文乱码的过滤器-->
  <filter>
      <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
      <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
      <init-param>
          <param-name>encoding</param-name>
          <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
      </init-param>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
      <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
      <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>
  
  <!--前端控制器-->
  <servlet>
      <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
      <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
      <!--加载springMVC配置文件-->
      <init-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
      </init-param>
      <!--设置开启服务器时加载该servlet-->
      <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

3.编写springmvc.xml的配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.xd"></context:component-scan>

    <!--配置视图解析器对象-->
    <bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!--表示文件所在的目录-->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"></property>
        <!--表示文件后缀名-->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>

    <!--开启SpringMVC框架注解支持-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven conversion-service="conversionService"></mvc:annotation-driven>
</beans>

4.编写index.jsp和HelloController控制器类

<body>
    <a href="account/findAll">测试</a>
</body>

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/account")
public class AccountController {


    @RequestMapping("/findAll")
    public String findAll(Model model){
        System.out.println("表现层：查询所有账户。。。");
        return "success";
    }
}

5.在WEB-INF目录下创建pages文件夹，编写success.jsp的成功页面