【Linux】批量下载依赖包的方法

L李钟意

已于 2023-04-08 19:03:48 修改

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分类专栏： Linux常用命令 # Nginx 文章标签： linux 运维服务器

于 2023-03-11 20:08:07 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_57414752/article/details/129467687

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Linux常用命令同时被 2 个专栏收录

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Nginx

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前言

在很多时候我们对服务软件的安装都是在内网环境操作，而安装服务又需要依赖包，所以这时候需要提前下好依赖包，copy进内网环境

这里以nginx为例

1.查看Nginx版本

[root@nginx01 ~]# yum info nginx
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository centosplus is listed more than once in the configuration
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.bupt.edu.cn
 * epel: hkg.mirror.rackspace.com
 * extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
 * updates: mirrors.cn99.com
可安装的软件包
名称    ：nginx
架构    ：x86_64
时期    ：1
版本    ：1.20.1
发布    ：9.el7
大小    ：587 k
源      ：epel/x86_64
简介    ： A high performance web server and reverse proxy server
网址    ：https://nginx.org
协议    ： BSD
描述    ： Nginx is a web server and a reverse proxy server for HTTP, SMTP, POP3 and
        ： IMAP protocols, with a strong focus on high concurrency, performance and low
        ： memory usage.

2. 查看 nginx 依赖

[root@nginx01 ~]# yum deplist nginx
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.cn99.com
 * epel: ftp.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp
 * extras: mirrors.cn99.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
软件包：nginx.x86_64 1:1.20.1-9.el7
   依赖：/bin/sh
   provider: bash.x86_64 4.2.46-35.el7_9
   依赖：libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.17)(64bit)
   provider: glibc.x86_64 2.17-326.el7_9
   依赖：libcrypt.so.1()(64bit)
   provider: glibc.x86_64 2.17-326.el7_9
   依赖：libcrypt.so.1(GLIBC_2.2.5)(64bit)
   provider: glibc.x86_64 2.17-326.el7_9
   依赖：libcrypto.so.1.1()(64bit)
   provider: openssl11-libs.x86_64 1:1.1.1k-3.el7
   依赖：libcrypto.so.1.1(OPENSSL_1_1_0)(64bit)
   provider: openssl11-libs.x86_64 1:1.1.1k-3.el7
   依赖：libdl.so.2()(64bit)
   provider: glibc.x86_64 2.17-326.el7_9
   依赖：libdl.so.2(GLIBC_2.2.5)(64bit)
   provider: glibc.x86_64 2.17-326.el7_9
   依赖：libpcre.so.1()(64bit)
   provider: pcre.x86_64 8.32-17.el7
   依赖：libprofiler.so.0()(64bit)
   provider: gperftools-libs.x86_64 2.6.1-1.el7
   依赖：libpthread.so.0()(64bit)
   provider: glibc.x86_64 2.17-326.el7_9
   依赖：libpthread.so.0(GLIBC_2.2.5)(64bit)
   provider: glibc.x86_64 2.17-326.el7_9
   依赖：libpthread.so.0(GLIBC_2.3.2)(64bit)
   provider: glibc.x86_64 2.17-326.el7_9
   依赖：libssl.so.1.1()(64bit)
   provider: openssl11-libs.x86_64 1:1.1.1k-3.el7
   依赖：libssl.so.1.1(OPENSSL_1_1_0)(64bit)
   provider: openssl11-libs.x86_64 1:1.1.1k-3.el7
   依赖：libssl.so.1.1(OPENSSL_1_1_1)(64bit)
   provider: openssl11-libs.x86_64 1:1.1.1k-3.el7
   依赖：libz.so.1()(64bit)
   provider: zlib.x86_64 1.2.7-20.el7_9
   依赖：nginx-filesystem
   provider: nginx-filesystem.noarch 1:1.20.1-9.el7
   依赖：nginx-filesystem = 1:1.20.1-9.el7
   provider: nginx-filesystem.noarch 1:1.20.1-9.el7
   依赖：openssl
   provider: openssl.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-25.el7_9
   依赖：pcre
   provider: pcre.x86_64 8.32-17.el7
   provider: pcre.i686 8.32-17.el7
   依赖：redhat-indexhtml
   provider: centos-indexhtml.noarch 7-9.el7.centos
   依赖：rtld(GNU_HASH)
   provider: glibc.x86_64 2.17-326.el7_9
   provider: glibc.i686 2.17-326.el7_9
   依赖：system-logos
   provider: centos-logos.noarch 70.0.6-3.el7.centos
   依赖：systemd
   provider: systemd.x86_64 219-78.el7_9.5

3.下载 nginx rpm 安装包

注意： --downloaddir=/root 代表下载包到指定目录，此过程只下载不安装

 [root@nginx01 ~]# yum install -y --downloadonly --downloaddir=/root
    已加载插件：fastestmirror
    Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
     * base: mirrors.cn99.com
     * epel: ftp.iij.ad.jp
     * extras: mirrors.cn99.com
     * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
    正在解决依赖关系
    --> 正在检查事务
    ---> 软件包 nginx.x86_64.1.1.20.1-9.el7 将被 安装
    --> 正在处理依赖关系 nginx-filesystem = 1:1.20.1-9.el7，它被软件包 1:nginx-1.20.1-9.el7.x86_64 需要
    --> 正在处理依赖关系 libcrypto.so.1.1(OPENSSL_1_1_0)(64bit)，它被软件包 1:nginx-1.20.1-9.el7.x86_64 需要
    --> 正在处理依赖关系 libssl.so.1.1(OPENSSL_1_1_0)(64bit)，它被软件包 1:nginx-1.20.1-9.el7.x86_64 需要
    --> 正在处理依赖关系 libssl.so.1.1(OPENSSL_1_1_1)(64bit)，它被软件包 1:nginx-1.20.1-9.el7.x86_64 需要
    --> 正在处理依赖关系 nginx-filesystem，它被软件包 1:nginx-1.20.1-9.el7.x86_64 需要
    --> 正在处理依赖关系 redhat-indexhtml，它被软件包 1:nginx-1.20.1-9.el7.x86_64 需要
    --> 正在处理依赖关系 libcrypto.so.1.1()(64bit)，它被软件包 1:nginx-1.20.1-9.el7.x86_64 需要
    --> 正在处理依赖关系 libprofiler.so.0()(64bit)，它被软件包 1:nginx-1.20.1-9.el7.x86_64 需要
    --> 正在处理依赖关系 libssl.so.1.1()(64bit)，它被软件包 1:nginx-1.20.1-9.el7.x86_64 需要
    --> 正在检查事务
    ---> 软件包 centos-indexhtml.noarch.0.7-9.el7.centos 将被 安装
    ---> 软件包 gperftools-libs.x86_64.0.2.6.1-1.el7 将被 安装
    ---> 软件包 nginx-filesystem.noarch.1.1.20.1-9.el7 将被 安装
    ---> 软件包 openssl11-libs.x86_64.1.1.1.1k-3.el7 将被 安装
    --> 解决依赖关系完成
    
    依赖关系解决
    
    ======================================================================================================================================================================================================
     Package                                              架构                                       版本                                                  源                                        大小
    ======================================================================================================================================================================================================
    正在安装:
     nginx                                                x86_64                                     1:1.20.1-9.el7                                        epel                                     587 k
    为依赖而安装:
     centos-indexhtml                                     noarch                                     7-9.el7.centos                                        base                                      92 k
     gperftools-libs                                      x86_64                                     2.6.1-1.el7                                           base                                     272 k
     nginx-filesystem                                     noarch                                     1:1.20.1-9.el7                                        epel                                      24 k
     openssl11-libs                                       x86_64                                     1:1.1.1k-3.el7                                        epel                                     1.5 M
    
    事务概要
    ======================================================================================================================================================================================================
    安装  1 软件包 (+4 依赖软件包)
    
    总下载量：2.4 M
    安装大小：6.7 M
    Background downloading packages, then exiting:
    (1/5): centos-indexhtml-7-9.el7.centos.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                              |  92 kB  00:00:00
    (2/5): gperftools-libs-2.6.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                  | 272 kB  00:00:00
    warning: /tmp/nginx-1.20.1-9.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 352c64e5: NOKEY==========================-                                      ] 176 kB/s | 1.2 MB  00:00:07 ETA
    nginx-1.20.1-9.el7.x86_64.rpm 的公钥尚未安装
    (3/5): nginx-1.20.1-9.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                           | 587 kB  00:00:03
    (4/5): openssl11-libs-1.1.1k-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                  | 1.5 MB  00:00:22
    (5/5): nginx-filesystem-1.20.1-9.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                |  24 kB  00:00:00
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    总计                                                                                                                                                                   81 kB/s | 2.4 MB  00:00:30
    exiting because "Download Only" specified

4.下载 nginx依赖

# 下载 yum 工具包
yum -y install yum-utils
# 使用 repotrack 工具下载依赖
repotrack -p /root/nginx-pkgs/ nginx

[root@nginx01 ~]# repotrack nginx
Downloading acl-2.2.51-15.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading audit-libs-2.8.5-4.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading audit-libs-2.8.5-4.el7.i686.rpm
Downloading basesystem-10.0-7.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
Downloading bash-4.2.46-35.el7_9.x86_64.rpm
Downloading binutils-2.27-44.base.el7_9.1.x86_64.rpm
Downloading bzip2-libs-1.0.6-13.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading bzip2-libs-1.0.6-13.el7.i686.rpm
Downloading ca-certificates-2021.2.50-72.el7_9.noarch.rpm
Downloading centos-logos-70.0.6-3.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
Downloading centos-release-7-9.2009.1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
Downloading chkconfig-1.7.6-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading coreutils-8.22-24.el7_9.2.x86_64.rpm
Downloading cpio-2.11-28.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading cracklib-2.9.0-11.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading cracklib-2.9.0-11.el7.i686.rpm
Downloading cracklib-dicts-2.9.0-11.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading cryptsetup-libs-2.0.3-6.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading curl-7.29.0-59.el7_9.1.x86_64.rpm
Downloading cyrus-sasl-lib-2.1.26-24.el7_9.x86_64.rpm
Downloading cyrus-sasl-lib-2.1.26-24.el7_9.i686.rpm
Downloading dbus-1.10.24-15.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading dbus-libs-1.10.24-15.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading device-mapper-1.02.170-6.el7_9.5.x86_64.rpm
Downloading device-mapper-libs-1.02.170-6.el7_9.5.i686.rpm
Downloading device-mapper-libs-1.02.170-6.el7_9.5.x86_64.rpm
Downloading diffutils-3.3-5.el7.i686.rpm
Downloading diffutils-3.3-5.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading dracut-033-572.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading elfutils-default-yama-scope-0.176-5.el7.noarch.rpm
Downloading elfutils-libelf-0.176-5.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading elfutils-libelf-0.176-5.el7.i686.rpm
Downloading elfutils-libs-0.176-5.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading elfutils-libs-0.176-5.el7.i686.rpm
Downloading expat-2.1.0-14.el7_9.x86_64.rpm
Downloading filesystem-3.2-25.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading findutils-4.5.11-6.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading gawk-4.0.2-4.el7_3.1.x86_64.rpm
Downloading glib2-2.56.1-9.el7_9.i686.rpm
Downloading glib2-2.56.1-9.el7_9.x86_64.rpm
Downloading glibc-2.17-326.el7_9.i686.rpm
Downloading glibc-2.17-326.el7_9.x86_64.rpm
Downloading glibc-common-2.17-326.el7_9.x86_64.rpm
Downloading gmp-6.0.0-15.el7.i686.rpm
Downloading gmp-6.0.0-15.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading grep-2.20-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading gzip-1.5-11.el7_9.x86_64.rpm
Downloading hardlink-1.0-19.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading info-5.1-5.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading json-c-0.11-4.el7_0.x86_64.rpm
Downloading keyutils-libs-1.5.8-3.el7.i686.rpm
Downloading keyutils-libs-1.5.8-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading kmod-20-28.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading kmod-libs-20-28.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading kpartx-0.4.9-135.el7_9.x86_64.rpm
Downloading krb5-libs-1.15.1-51.el7_9.i686.rpm
Downloading krb5-libs-1.15.1-51.el7_9.x86_64.rpm
Downloading libacl-2.2.51-15.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading libacl-2.2.51-15.el7.i686.rpm
Downloading libattr-2.4.46-13.el7.i686.rpm
Downloading libattr-2.4.46-13.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading libblkid-2.23.2-65.el7_9.1.i686.rpm
Downloading libblkid-2.23.2-65.el7_9.1.x86_64.rpm
Downloading libcap-2.22-11.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading libcap-2.22-11.el7.i686.rpm
Downloading libcap-ng-0.7.5-4.el7.i686.rpm
Downloading libcap-ng-0.7.5-4.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading libcom_err-1.42.9-19.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading libcom_err-1.42.9-19.el7.i686.rpm
Downloading libcurl-7.29.0-59.el7_9.1.i686.rpm
Downloading libcurl-7.29.0-59.el7_9.1.x86_64.rpm
Downloading libdb-5.3.21-25.el7.i686.rpm
Downloading libdb-5.3.21-25.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading libdb-utils-5.3.21-25.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading libffi-3.0.13-19.el7.i686.rpm
Downloading libffi-3.0.13-19.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading libgcc-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading libgcc-4.8.5-44.el7.i686.rpm
Downloading libgcrypt-1.5.3-14.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading libgcrypt-1.5.3-14.el7.i686.rpm
Downloading libgpg-error-1.12-3.el7.i686.rpm
Downloading libgpg-error-1.12-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading libidn-1.28-4.el7.i686.rpm
Downloading libidn-1.28-4.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading libmount-2.23.2-65.el7_9.1.i686.rpm
Downloading libmount-2.23.2-65.el7_9.1.x86_64.rpm
Downloading libpwquality-1.2.3-5.el7.i686.rpm
Downloading libpwquality-1.2.3-5.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading libselinux-2.5-15.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading libselinux-2.5-15.el7.i686.rpm
Downloading libsemanage-2.5-14.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading libsepol-2.5-10.el7.i686.rpm
Downloading libsepol-2.5-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading libsmartcols-2.23.2-65.el7_9.1.i686.rpm
Downloading libsmartcols-2.23.2-65.el7_9.1.x86_64.rpm
Downloading libssh2-1.8.0-4.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading libssh2-1.8.0-4.el7.i686.rpm
Downloading libstdc++-4.8.5-44.el7.i686.rpm
Downloading libstdc++-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading libtasn1-4.10-1.el7.i686.rpm
Downloading libtasn1-4.10-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading libuser-0.60-9.el7.i686.rpm
Downloading libuser-0.60-9.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading libutempter-1.1.6-4.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading libutempter-1.1.6-4.el7.i686.rpm
Downloading libuuid-2.23.2-65.el7_9.1.x86_64.rpm
Downloading libuuid-2.23.2-65.el7_9.1.i686.rpm
Downloading libverto-0.2.5-4.el7.i686.rpm
Downloading libverto-0.2.5-4.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading libxml2-2.9.1-6.el7_9.6.x86_64.rpm
Downloading lua-5.1.4-15.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading lz4-1.8.3-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading lz4-1.8.3-1.el7.i686.rpm
Downloading make-3.82-24.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading ncurses-5.9-14.20130511.el7_4.x86_64.rpm
Downloading ncurses-base-5.9-14.20130511.el7_4.noarch.rpm
Downloading ncurses-libs-5.9-14.20130511.el7_4.x86_64.rpm
Downloading ncurses-libs-5.9-14.20130511.el7_4.i686.rpm
Downloading nspr-4.32.0-1.el7_9.x86_64.rpm
Downloading nspr-4.32.0-1.el7_9.i686.rpm
Downloading nss-3.67.0-4.el7_9.x86_64.rpm
Downloading nss-3.67.0-4.el7_9.i686.rpm
Downloading nss-pem-1.0.3-7.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading nss-pem-1.0.3-7.el7.i686.rpm
Downloading nss-softokn-3.67.0-3.el7_9.x86_64.rpm
Downloading nss-softokn-3.67.0-3.el7_9.i686.rpm
Downloading nss-softokn-freebl-3.67.0-3.el7_9.i686.rpm
Downloading nss-softokn-freebl-3.67.0-3.el7_9.x86_64.rpm
Downloading nss-sysinit-3.67.0-4.el7_9.x86_64.rpm
Downloading nss-tools-3.67.0-4.el7_9.x86_64.rpm
Downloading nss-util-3.67.0-1.el7_9.i686.rpm
Downloading nss-util-3.67.0-1.el7_9.x86_64.rpm
Downloading openldap-2.4.44-25.el7_9.i686.rpm
Downloading openldap-2.4.44-25.el7_9.x86_64.rpm
Downloading openssl-1.0.2k-25.el7_9.x86_64.rpm
Downloading openssl-libs-1.0.2k-25.el7_9.x86_64.rpm
Downloading openssl-libs-1.0.2k-25.el7_9.i686.rpm
Downloading p11-kit-0.23.5-3.el7.i686.rpm
Downloading p11-kit-0.23.5-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading p11-kit-trust-0.23.5-3.el7.i686.rpm
Downloading p11-kit-trust-0.23.5-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading pam-1.1.8-23.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading pam-1.1.8-23.el7.i686.rpm
Downloading pcre-8.32-17.el7.i686.rpm
Downloading pcre-8.32-17.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading pkgconfig-0.27.1-4.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading pkgconfig-0.27.1-4.el7.i686.rpm
Downloading popt-1.13-16.el7.i686.rpm
Downloading popt-1.13-16.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading procps-ng-3.3.10-28.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading procps-ng-3.3.10-28.el7.i686.rpm
Downloading qrencode-libs-3.4.1-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading readline-6.2-11.el7.i686.rpm
Downloading readline-6.2-11.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading rpm-4.11.3-48.el7_9.x86_64.rpm
Downloading rpm-libs-4.11.3-48.el7_9.x86_64.rpm
Downloading sed-4.2.2-7.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading setup-2.8.71-11.el7.noarch.rpm
Downloading shadow-utils-4.6-5.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading shared-mime-info-1.8-5.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading sqlite-3.7.17-8.el7_7.1.i686.rpm
Downloading sqlite-3.7.17-8.el7_7.1.x86_64.rpm
Downloading systemd-219-78.el7_9.5.x86_64.rpm
Downloading systemd-libs-219-78.el7_9.5.i686.rpm
Downloading systemd-libs-219-78.el7_9.5.x86_64.rpm
Downloading tar-1.26-35.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading tzdata-2022a-1.el7.noarch.rpm
Downloading ustr-1.0.4-16.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading util-linux-2.23.2-65.el7_9.1.x86_64.rpm
Downloading util-linux-2.23.2-65.el7_9.1.i686.rpm
Downloading xz-5.2.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading xz-libs-5.2.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
Downloading xz-libs-5.2.2-1.el7.i686.rpm
Downloading zlib-1.2.7-20.el7_9.x86_64.rpm
Downloading zlib-1.2.7-20.el7_9.i686.rpm

5.安装nginx

注意：把所有包上传至内网环境

# yum 命令安装时，自动解决相依性的问题。
[root@nginx01 ~]# yum localinstall -y ./*

6.启动nginx

注意：此命令会启动并设置开机自启动

systemctl enable nginx --now

L李钟意

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【Linux】批量下载依赖包的方法

在很多时候我们对服务软件的安装都是在内网环境操作，而安装服务又需要依赖包，所以这时候需要提前下好依赖包，copy进内网环境这里以nginx为例。
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