n 个骰子的点数
题目链接
题目描述
把 n 个骰子扔在地上,求点数和为 s 的概率。
解题思路
动态规划
使用一个二维数组 dp 存储点数出现的次数,其中 dp[i][j] 表示前 i 个骰子产生点数 j 的次数。
空间复杂度:O(N2)
public List<Map.Entry<Integer, Double>> dicesSum(int n) {
final int face = 6;
final int pointNum = face * n;
long[][] dp = new long[n + 1][pointNum + 1];
for (int i = 1; i <= face; i++)
dp[1][i] = 1;
for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++)
for (int j = i; j <= pointNum; j++) /* 使用 i 个骰子最小点数为 i */
for (int k = 1; k <= face && k <= j; k++)
dp[i][j] += dp[i - 1][j - k];
final double totalNum = Math.pow(6, n);
List<Map.Entry<Integer, Double>> ret = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = n; i <= pointNum; i++)
ret.add(new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(i, dp[n][i] / totalNum));
return ret;
}
动态规划 + 旋转数组
空间复杂度:O(N)
public List<Map.Entry<Integer, Double>> dicesSum(int n) {
final int face = 6;
final int pointNum = face * n;
long[][] dp = new long[2][pointNum + 1];
for (int i = 1; i <= face; i++)
dp[0][i] = 1;
int flag = 1; /* 旋转标记 */
for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++, flag = 1 - flag) {
for (int j = 0; j <= pointNum; j++)
dp[flag][j] = 0; /* 旋转数组清零 */
for (int j = i; j <= pointNum; j++)
for (int k = 1; k <= face && k <= j; k++)
dp[flag][j] += dp[1 - flag][j - k];
}
final double totalNum = Math.pow(6, n);
List<Map.Entry<Integer, Double>> ret = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = n; i <= pointNum; i++)
ret.add(new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<>(i, dp[1 - flag][i] / totalNum));
return ret;
}