一、电阻式触摸屏原理
触摸屏原理:
首先:等待中断(等待按下/松开)。当开关s1断开,s2断开,s3断开,s4闭合,s5闭合时,在触摸屏未按下时Y_ADC为高电平,当触摸屏按下时,Y_ADC通过Y轴连到低电平,触摸屏
Y_ADC
从高电平到低电平的改变可以作为中断触发信号通知CPU有“Pen Down”事件发生。
其次:读取XY坐标值。当Y_ADC电平发生变化时,将产生一个INT_TC中断信号,在该中断信号处理函数中,我们可以读取XY坐标的值。
当s1闭合,s2断开,s3闭合,s4断开,s5断开,X_ADC为X轴上的分压点,进行A/D转换后得到x的坐标值。
当s1断开,s2闭合,s3断开,s4闭合,s5断开,Y_ADC为Y轴上的分压点,进行A/D转换后得到y的坐标值。
二、触摸屏input驱动程序实例(tq2440)
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/input.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/serio.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/platform_device.h>
#include <linux/clk.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <plat/regs-adc.h>
#include <mach/regs-gpio.h>
#define S3C2410TSVERSION0x0101
#define WAIT4INT(x) (((x)<<8) | \
S3C2410_ADCTSC_YM_SEN | S3C2410_ADCTSC_YP_SEN | S3C2410_ADCTSC_XP_SEN | \
S3C2410_ADCTSC_XY_PST(3))//设置s3c2440的
ADCTSC使触摸屏处于等待中断模式,当x为0时为等待触摸屏按下中断,当x为1时为等待触摸屏松开中断
#define AUTOPST (S3C2410_ADCTSC_YM_SEN | S3C2410_ADCTSC_YP_SEN | S3C2410_ADCTSC_XP_SEN | \
S3C2410_ADCTSC_AUTO_PST | S3C2410_ADCTSC_XY_PST(0))
//设置s3c2440的
ADCTSC使触摸屏处于自动转换模式
static char *tq2440ts_name = "TQ2440 TouchScreen";
staticstruct input_dev *dev;
staticlong xp;
staticlong yp;
staticint count;
extern struct semaphore ADC_LOCK;
static int OwnADC = 0;
static void __iomem *base_addr;
//定时器时间到处理函数,用来处理触摸屏长按和移动状况,每隔10ms上报一次xy值
static void touch_timer_fire(unsigned long data)
{
unsigned long data0;
unsigned long data1;
int updown;
data0 = ioread32(base_addr+S3C2410_ADCDAT0);//获得x坐标转换值
data1 = ioread32(base_addr+S3C2410_ADCDAT1);//获得y坐标转换值
//定时10ms后检查此时的触摸屏状态
updown = (!(data0 & S3C2410_ADCDAT0_UPDOWN)) && (!(data1 & S3C2410_ADCDAT0_UPDOWN));
if (updown) {//触摸屏为按下
if (count != 0)
{
long tmp;
tmp = xp;
xp = yp;
yp = tmp;
xp >>= 2;//求x平均值
yp >>= 2;
//求y平均值
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_X, xp);//上报x坐标
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_Y, yp);//上报y坐标
input_report_key(dev, BTN_TOUCH, 1);//上报触摸屏按键事件
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_PRESSURE, 1);//上报压力值
input_sync(dev);//上报同步事件
}
xp = 0;
yp = 0;
count = 0;
//继续开始触摸屏转换
iowrite32(S3C2410_ADCTSC_PULL_UP_DISABLE | AUTOPST, base_addr+S3C2410_ADCTSC);
iowrite32(ioread32(base_addr+S3C2410_ADCCON) | S3C2410_ADCCON_ENABLE_START, base_addr+S3C2410_ADCCON);
}
else//定时时间10ms后触摸屏为松开
{
count = 0;
input_report_key(dev, BTN_TOUCH, 0);
;
//上报触摸屏按键事件
input_report_abs(dev, ABS_PRESSURE, 0);
//上报压力值
input_sync(dev);//上报同步事件
iowrite32(WAIT4INT(0), base_addr+S3C2410_ADCTSC);//再次让触摸屏处于等待按下中断状态
if (OwnADC)
{
OwnADC = 0;//释放ADC设备
up(&ADC_LOCK);
}
}
}
//定时器初始化,处理函数为
touch_timer_fire,定时时间为0,所以开始就自动运行
static struct timer_list touch_timer =TIMER_INITIALIZER(touch_timer_fire, 0, 0);
//触摸屏中断处理函数,当触摸屏按下时被调用
static irqreturn_t stylus_updown(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
unsigned long data0;
unsigned long data1;
int updown;
if (down_trylock(&ADC_LOCK) == 0)
{
OwnADC = 1;//持有这个ADC设备
data0 = ioread32(base_addr+S3C2410_ADCDAT0);//读取x坐标转换值
data1 = ioread32(base_addr+S3C2410_ADCDAT1);//读取y坐标转换值
updown = (!(data0 & S3C2410_ADCDAT0_UPDOWN)) && (!(data1 S3C2410_ADCDAT0_UPDOWN));
if (updown)//触摸屏处于按下状态
{
touch_timer_fire(0);//调用定时器处理函数
}
else//触摸屏处于松开状态
{
OwnADC = 0;//释放ADC设备
up(&ADC_LOCK);
}
}
return IRQ_HANDLED;
}
//ADC中断函数,ADC转换结束后将调用它
static irqreturn_t stylus_action(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
unsigned long data0;
unsigned long data1;
if (OwnADC)//当触摸屏仍处于按下状态时
OwnADC=1
{
data0 = ioread32(base_addr+S3C2410_ADCDAT0);//读取x值
data1 = ioread32(base_addr+S3C2410_ADCDAT1);//读取y值
xp += data0 & S3C2410_ADCDAT0_XPDATA_MASK;
yp += data1 & S3C2410_ADCDAT1_YPDATA_MASK;
count++;
if (count < (1<<2))//总共进行4次测量取平均值
{
//测量次数小于4就再次开始触摸屏转换
iowrite32(S3C2410_ADCTSC_PULL_UP_DISABLE | AUTOPST, base_addr+S3C2410_ADCTSC);
iowrite32(ioread32(base_addr+S3C2410_ADCCON)|S3C2410_ADCCON_ENABLE_START,base_addr+S3C2410_ADCCON);
}
else//如果count大于等于4,那么就启动10ms的定时器,并且设置触摸屏为等待松开中断
{
mod_timer(&touch_timer, jiffies+1);//设定定时时间为10ms
iowrite32(WAIT4INT(1), base_addr+S3C2410_ADCTSC);//设定为等待触摸屏松开中断,我个人觉得 该函数应该放在定时器中断函数中触摸屏按下那个函数分支中
}
}
return IRQ_HANDLED;
}
static struct clk*adc_clock;
static int __init tq2440ts_init(void)
{
struct input_dev *input_dev;
adc_clock = clk_get(NULL, "adc");
if (!adc_clock)
{
printk(KERN_ERR "failed to get adc clock source\n");
return -ENOENT;
}
clk_enable(adc_clock);//使能ADC时钟使其工作
base_addr=ioremap(S3C2410_PA_ADC,0x20);//ioremap使我们能够操作物理地址
if (base_addr == NULL)
{
printk(KERN_ERR "Failed to remap register block\n");
return -ENOMEM;
}
iowrite32(S3C2410_ADCCON_PRSCENS3C2410_ADCCON_PRSCVL(0xFF),base_addr+S3C2410_ADCCON);//PCLK分频设置
iowrite32(0xffff, base_addr+S3C2410_ADCDLY);//ADC转换延时设置
iowrite32(WAIT4INT(0), base_addr+S3C2410_ADCTSC);//设置ADC为等待中断按下模式
input_dev = input_allocate_device();//分配一个input_dev结构体
if (!input_dev)
{
printk(KERN_ERR "Unable to allocate the input device !!\n");
return -ENOMEM;
}
//设置该结构体支持的事件类型和具体的事件
dev = input_dev;
dev->evbit[0] = BIT(EV_SYN) | BIT(EV_KEY) | BIT(EV_ABS);
dev->keybit[BITS_TO_LONGS(BTN_TOUCH)] = BIT(BTN_TOUCH);
input_set_abs_params(dev, ABS_X, 0, 0x3FF, 0, 0);
input_set_abs_params(dev, ABS_Y, 0, 0x3FF, 0, 0);
input_set_abs_params(dev, ABS_PRESSURE, 0, 1, 0, 0);
dev->name = tq2440ts_name;
dev->id.bustype = BUS_RS232;
dev->id.vendor = 0xDEAD;
dev->id.product = 0xBEEF;
dev->id.version = S3C2410TSVERSION;
//注册ADC中断
if (request_irq(IRQ_ADC, stylus_action, IRQF_SHARED|IRQF_SAMPLE_RANDOM, tq2440ts_name, dev))
{
printk(KERN_ERR "tq2440_ts.c: Could not allocate ts IRQ_ADC !\n");
iounmap(base_addr);
return -EIO;
}
//注册触摸屏中断
if (request_irq(IRQ_TC, stylus_updown, IRQF_SAMPLE_RANDOM, tq2440ts_name, dev))
{
printk(KERN_ERR "tq2440_ts.c: Could not allocate ts IRQ_ADC !\n");
iounmap(base_addr);
return -EIO;
}
printk(KERN_INFO "%s successfully loaded\n", tq2440ts_name);
//注册input_dev结构体
input_register_device(dev);
return 0;
}
static void __exit tq2440ts_exit(void)
{
disable_irq(IRQ_ADC);
disable_irq(IRQ_TC);
free_irq(IRQ_TC,dev);
free_irq(IRQ_ADC,dev);
if (adc_clock)
{
clk_disable(adc_clock);
clk_put(adc_clock);
adc_clock = NULL;
}
input_unregister_device(dev);
iounmap(base_addr);
}
module_init(tq2440ts_init);
module_exit(tq2440ts_exit);