【linux知识】 -7从入门到精通yum仓库的搭建，看这一篇就够了！

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1、centos 的yum仓库 搭建

1.1 本地yum仓库

虚拟机设置中勾选已连接和启动时连接

挂载 sr0 到mnt 下

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt
mount: /dev/sr0 写保护，将以只读方式挂载
[root@localhost ~]# 

df 查看挂载情况

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
文件系统                 容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root   50G  5.2G   45G   11% /
devtmpfs                 897M     0  897M    0% /dev
tmpfs                    912M     0  912M    0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    912M   18M  895M    2% /run
tmpfs                    912M     0  912M    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-home   27G   33M   27G    1% /home
/dev/sda1               1014M  179M  836M   18% /boot
tmpfs                    183M   48K  183M    1% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0                 4.3G  4.3G     0  100% /mnt
[root@localhost ~]# 

查看目前的源是什么

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-aliyun-lhr.repo  epel-aliyun.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# 

创建本地源

vim local.repo

[local]
name=local
baseurl=file:///mnt
gpgcheck=0

重新加载源

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum clean all & yum makecache

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum clean all & yum makecache 
[1] 63613
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
正在清理软件源： local
Cleaning up everything
Maybe you want: rm -rf /var/cache/yum, to also free up space taken by orphaned data from disabled or removed repos
/var/run/yum.pid 已被锁定，PID 为 63613 的另一个程序正在运行。
Another app is currently holding the yum lock; waiting for it to exit...
  另一个应用程序是：yum
    内存： 23 M RSS （340 MB VSZ）
    已启动： Fri Apr 18 11:33:45 2025 - 00:02之前
    状态  ：运行中，进程ID：63613
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
local                                                    | 3.6 kB     00:00     
(1/4): local/group_gz                                      | 156 kB   00:00     
(2/4): local/primary_db                                    | 3.1 MB   00:00     
(3/4): local/filelists_db                                  | 3.1 MB   00:00     
(4/4): local/other_db                                      | 1.2 MB   00:00     
Determining fastest mirrors
元数据缓存已建立
[1]+  完成                  yum clean all
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# 

尝试下载软件

yum -y install gcc pcre-devel openssl-devel zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel

安装成功

可以看到就是我们刚建立的local.repo

1.2 centos局域网的yum仓库 用http的方法实现

在服务器上安装httpd服务

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start httpd 开启httpd服务

查看httpd服务的状态

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status httpd.service 
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since 五 2025-04-18 16:59:18 CST; 37s ago
     Docs: man:httpd(8)
           man:apachectl(8)
 Main PID: 63012 (httpd)
   Status: "Total requests: 0; Current requests/sec: 0; Current traffic:   0 B/sec"
   CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
           ├─63012 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─63013 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─63014 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─63015 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─63016 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           └─63017 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

4月 18 16:59:18 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP S...
4月 18 16:59:18 localhost.localdomain httpd[63012]: AH00558: httpd: Could no...
4月 18 16:59:18 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Se...
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
[root@localhost ~]# 

将光驱SR0挂载到http的目录下

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /var/www/html/
mount: /dev/sr0 写保护，将以只读方式挂载
[root@localhost ~]# 

在客户机上同样安装httpd服务

启动httpd服务

新建一个http.repo的文件

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-aliyun-lhr.repo  epel-aliyun.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mkdir bak
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv *.repo bak/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
bak
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim http.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# 

文件配置

[http]
name=http
baseurl=http://192.168.107.190
gpgcheck=0

新建元数据缓存

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum clean all 
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
正在清理软件源： http
Cleaning up everything
Maybe you want: rm -rf /var/cache/yum, to also free up space taken by orphaned data from disabled or removed repos
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum makecache 
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
http                                                     | 3.6 kB     00:00     
(1/4): http/group_gz                                       | 156 kB   00:00     
(2/4): http/primary_db                                     | 3.1 MB   00:00     
(3/4): http/other_db                                       | 1.2 MB   00:00     
(4/4): http/filelists_db                                   | 3.1 MB   00:00     
Determining fastest mirrors
元数据缓存已建立
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# 

尝试安装软件tree

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install -y tree
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 tree.x86_64.0.1.6.0-10.el7 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成

依赖关系解决

================================================================================
 Package        架构             版本                      源              大小
================================================================================
正在安装:
 tree           x86_64           1.6.0-10.el7              http            46 k

事务概要
================================================================================
安装  1 软件包

总下载量：46 k
安装大小：87 k
Downloading packages:
tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm                               |  46 kB   00:00     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
警告：RPM 数据库已被非 yum 程序修改。
  正在安装    : tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64                                    1/1 
  验证中      : tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64                                    1/1 

已安装:
  tree.x86_64 0:1.6.0-10.el7                                                     

完毕！
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# 

1.3 通过ftp的方式建立本地yum仓库

过程与http相对类似 在此就不再赘述

服务器：
systemctl stop firewalld			#关闭防火墙
setenforce 0						#关闭核心防护
yum -y install vsftpd				#安装软件
systemctl start vsftpd				#启用服务
cd /var/ftp/
mkdir yum							#创建目录
mount /dev/sr0 /var/ftp/yum/		#挂载目录



客户机：
systemctl stop firewalld			#关闭防火墙
setenforce 0						#关闭核心防护
yum -y install vsftpd				#安装软件
systemctl start vsftpd				#启用服务
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/ftp			#创建yum仓库
{[ftp]
name=ftp
baseurl=ftp://IP地址/yum	#告知位置所在
gpgcheck=0							#不验证安全性
}
yum clean all && yum makecache		#清理旧缓存，创建新缓存

yum -y install tree					#验证

1.4 自建元数据

用途比较小众需求应该不会很大

yum -y install createrepo			#安装命令
yum -y install tree --downloadonly --downloaddir=/date #只下载到/date下不安装
cd /date
mkdir -p /test/packages			 	#创建目录
mv tree-1.6... /test/packages       #将压缩包移动到/test/packages下
createrepo -v test					#创建元数据
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/yum.repo
{
[test]
name=test
baseurl=file:///date/test			#告知位置
gpgcheck=0							#不验证安装包的安全性
}

yum clean all&& yum makecache		#清空旧缓存，添加新缓存

yum -y install tree

2、ubuntu搭建apt仓库 - HTTP模式 会用的比较多

建议初始环境安装的依赖环境

apt install -y iproute2 ntpdate tcpdump telnet traceroute nfs-kernel-server nfs-common lrzsz openssl libssl-dev libpcre3 libpcre3-dev zlib1g-dev gcc openssh-server iotop unzip zip net-tools

创建挂载目录

mkdir /var/www/html/apt -p

下载可能会用得到的安装包到apt目录

apt download $(apt-cache depends --recurse --no-recommends --no-suggests --no-conflicts --no-breaks --no-replaces --no-enhances openssh-server openssh-client qemu qemu-kvm libvirt-daemon-system libvirt-clients bridge-utils virt-manager qemu-system-arm qemu-efi qemu-utils vpp-plugin-core python3-vpp-api net-tools golang build-essential libc6-i386 libc6-i386 docker mysql-server redis-server redis-client mongo mongo-express postgresql openjdk-21-jdk openjdk-11-jdk default-jdk maven python3 python3-pip nginx git ufw dpkg-dev autoconf nodejs build-essential flex bison automake binutils bzr zip glade libglade2-dev apt-transport-https ca-certificates wget iptables elasticsearch kibana | grep -v amd64 | grep "^\w" | sort -u)

查看是否安装完成

root@ubuntu:~# cd /var/www/html/
root@ubuntu:/var/www/html# ls
apt
root@ubuntu:/var/www/html# cd apt/
root@ubuntu:/var/www/html/apt# ls
apt
root@ubuntu:/var/www/html/apt# cd apt/
root@ubuntu:/var/www/html/apt/apt# 
root@ubuntu:/var/www/html/apt/apt# ls
acl_2.3.1-1_amd64.deb
adduser_3.118ubuntu5_all.deb
adwaita-icon-theme_41.0-1ubuntu1_all.deb
adwaita-icon-theme-full_41.0-1ubuntu1_all.deb
anacron_2.3-31ubuntu2_amd64.deb
apt_2.4.13_amd64.deb
apt-transport-https_2.4.13_all.deb
aspell_0.60.8-4build1_amd64.deb
aspell-am_0.03-1-5.2_all.deb
aspell-ar_0.0.20060329-6_all.deb
aspell-ar-large_1.2-0-5_all.deb
aspell-bg_4.1-7build2_all.deb
aspell-br_0.50-2-10_all.deb
aspell-ca_0.20111230b-14_all.deb
aspell-cs_0.51.0-1.3_all.deb
aspell-cy_0.50-3-7_all.deb
aspell-da_1.6.36-11.1build2_all.deb
aspell-de-1901_1%3a2-37_all.deb
aspell-de_20161207-9_all.deb
aspell-el_0.50-3-6.2_all.deb
aspell-en_2018.04.16-0-1_all.deb
aspell-eo_2.1.2000.02.25-60_all.deb
aspell-eo-cx7_2.1.2000.02.25-60_all.deb
aspell-es_1.11-19_all.deb

安装生成元数据的命令

apt install dpkg-dev -y

安装网页服务apache2

apt install apache2 -y

开启服务

systemctl start apache2

root@ubuntu:/var/www/html/apt/apt# systemctl start apache2
root@ubuntu:/var/www/html/apt/apt# systemctl status apache2
● apache2.service - The Apache HTTP Server
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/apache2.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Fri 2025-04-18 11:24:44 UTC; 1min 46s ago
       Docs: https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/
   Main PID: 7043 (apache2)
      Tasks: 55 (limit: 4521)
     Memory: 5.0M
        CPU: 113ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/apache2.service
             ├─7043 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
             ├─7044 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
             └─7045 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start

Apr 18 11:24:44 ubuntu systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
Apr 18 11:24:44 ubuntu apachectl[7042]: AH00558: apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fu>
Apr 18 11:24:44 ubuntu systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
lines 1-16/16 (END)

在html目录下创建Packages

dpkg-scanpackages apt/ >Packages (P要大写)

root@ubuntu:/var/www/html/apt# dpkg-scanpackages apt/ >Packages
dpkg-scanpackages: info: Wrote 937 entries to output Packages file.
root@ubuntu:/var/www/html/apt# 

在/etc/apt/sources.list 下操作

root@ubuntu:/var/www/html/apt# cd /etc/apt/
root@ubuntu:/etc/apt# ls
apt.conf.d   keyrings       sources.list             sources.list.d
auth.conf.d  preferences.d  sources.list.curtin.old  trusted.gpg.d
root@ubuntu:/etc/apt# mv sources.list sources.list.bak
root@ubuntu:/etc/apt# ls
apt.conf.d   keyrings       sources.list.bak         sources.list.d
auth.conf.d  preferences.d  sources.list.curtin.old  trusted.gpg.d
root@ubuntu:/etc/apt# vim sources.list
root@ubuntu:/etc/apt# 

deb [trusted=yes] http://192.168.107.180/  /

apt update

root@ubuntu:/var/www/html# apt update 
Get:1 file:/var/www/html  InRelease
Ign:1 file:/var/www/html  InRelease
Get:2 file:/var/www/html  Release
Ign:2 file:/var/www/html  Release
Get:3 file:/var/www/html  Packages
Ign:3 file:/var/www/html  Packages
Get:4 file:/var/www/html  Translation-en
Ign:4 file:/var/www/html  Translation-en
Get:5 file:/var/www/html  Translation-en_US
Ign:5 file:/var/www/html  Translation-en_US
Get:3 file:/var/www/html  Packages
Ign:3 file:/var/www/html  Packages
Get:4 file:/var/www/html  Translation-en
Ign:4 file:/var/www/html  Translation-en
Get:5 file:/var/www/html  Translation-en_US
Ign:5 file:/var/www/html  Translation-en_US
Get:3 file:/var/www/html  Packages
Ign:3 file:/var/www/html  Packages
Get:4 file:/var/www/html  Translation-en
Ign:4 file:/var/www/html  Translation-en
Get:5 file:/var/www/html  Translation-en_US
Ign:5 file:/var/www/html  Translation-en_US
Get:3 file:/var/www/html  Packages
Ign:3 file:/var/www/html  Packages
Get:4 file:/var/www/html  Translation-en
Ign:4 file:/var/www/html  Translation-en
Get:5 file:/var/www/html  Translation-en_US
Ign:5 file:/var/www/html  Translation-en_US
Get:3 file:/var/www/html  Packages
Ign:3 file:/var/www/html  Packages
Get:4 file:/var/www/html  Translation-en
Ign:4 file:/var/www/html  Translation-en
Get:5 file:/var/www/html  Translation-en_US
Ign:5 file:/var/www/html  Translation-en_US
Get:3 file:/var/www/html  Packages
Ign:3 file:/var/www/html  Packages
Get:4 file:/var/www/html  Translation-en
Ign:4 file:/var/www/html  Translation-en
Get:5 file:/var/www/html  Translation-en_US
Ign:5 file:/var/www/html  Translation-en_US
Get:3 file:/var/www/html  Packages [1,081 kB]
Get:4 file:/var/www/html  Translation-en
Ign:4 file:/var/www/html  Translation-en
Get:5 file:/var/www/html  Translation-en_US
Ign:5 file:/var/www/html  Translation-en_US
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
98 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.
root@ubuntu:/var/www/html# 

尝试下载软件

root@ubuntu:/etc/apt# apt install -y nginx
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  libnginx-mod-http-geoip2 libnginx-mod-http-image-filter libnginx-mod-http-xslt-filter
  libnginx-mod-mail libnginx-mod-stream libnginx-mod-stream-geoip2 nginx-common nginx-core
Suggested packages:
  fcgiwrap nginx-doc
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  libnginx-mod-http-geoip2 libnginx-mod-http-image-filter libnginx-mod-http-xslt-filter
  libnginx-mod-mail libnginx-mod-stream libnginx-mod-stream-geoip2 nginx nginx-common nginx-core
0 upgraded, 9 newly installed, 0 to remove and 98 not upgraded.
Need to get 697 kB of archives.
After this operation, 2,395 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://192.168.107.180  nginx-common 1.18.0-6ubuntu14.6 [40.1 kB]
Get:2 http://192.168.107.180  libnginx-mod-http-geoip2 1.18.0-6ubuntu14.6 [12.0 kB]
Get:3 http://192.168.107.180  libnginx-mod-http-image-filter 1.18.0-6ubuntu14.6 [15.5 kB]
Get:4 http://192.168.107.180  libnginx-mod-http-xslt-filter 1.18.0-6ubuntu14.6 [13.8 kB]
Get:5 http://192.168.107.180  libnginx-mod-mail 1.18.0-6ubuntu14.6 [45.8 kB]
Get:6 http://192.168.107.180  libnginx-mod-stream 1.18.0-6ubuntu14.6 [73.0 kB]
Get:7 http://192.168.107.180  libnginx-mod-stream-geoip2 1.18.0-6ubuntu14.6 [10.1 kB]
Get:8 http://192.168.107.180  nginx-core 1.18.0-6ubuntu14.6 [483 kB]
Get:9 http://192.168.107.180  nginx 1.18.0-6ubuntu14.6 [3,882 B]

成功