STC8H学习笔记01 Bit操作

最近开始学习使用STC单片机来做项目，支持国产芯片，STC单片机的标准库大多已寄存器操作为主，入门成本比较高，需要加强这部分基础知识

1. 定义特殊寄存器

sfr IE   = 0xA8;
sfr IP   = 0xB8;
sfr SCON = 0x98; // 串口1控制寄存器
sfr SBUF = 0x99; // 串口1发送缓冲

使用sfr关键字定义特殊寄存器SCON 串口1控制寄存器

scon有8个BIt，是一个可寻址的特殊寄存器, 这里可以使用sbit来定义 0x98地址处的8位别名

0x98 ^ (bit_address)

/*  SCON  */
sbit SM0  = 0x9F;
sbit SM1  = 0x9E;
sbit SM2  = 0x9D;
sbit REN  = 0x9C;
sbit TB8  = 0x9B;
sbit RB8  = 0x9A;
sbit TI   = 0x99;  // 发送忙标识
sbit RI   = 0x98;  // 接收忙标识

2. 操作串口发送数据

void UartIsr() interrupt 4
{
    if (TI)
    {
        TI = 0;
        busy = 0;
    }
    if (RI)
    {
        RI = 0;
    }
}

void UartInit()
{
    SCON = 0x50;
    TMOD = 0x00;
    TL1 = BRT;
    TH1 = BRT >> 8;
    TR1 = 1;
    AUXR = 0x40;
    busy = 0;
}

void UartSend(char dat)
{
    while (busy);
    busy = 1;
    SBUF = dat;
}

TI标识的是串口发送状态，发送结束以后由单片机自动置1，然后触发中断4，检查busy状态即可发送下一个字符，SBUF则是串口1的发送数据缓冲

3. 哪些是Bit-Addressable寄存器

想要可以使用sbit，必须是可以被0或者8整除的，这样我们可以使用相应的算法反推寄存器地址，和要取的位数

比如前面的TI 定义为 0x99

寄存器地址为： 0x99 -  0x99%8 = 0x98

位：0x99 % 8 = 1

汇编以后的代码

    25: void UartIsr() interrupt 4 
    26: { 
    27:     if (TI) 
C:0x00A9    309904   JNB      TI(0x98.1),C:00B0
    28:     { 
    29:         TI = 0; 
C:0x00AC    C299     CLR      TI(0x98.1)
    30:         busy = 0; 
C:0x00AE    C200     CLR      busy(0x20.0)
    31:     } 
    32:     if (RI) 
C:0x00B0    309802   JNB      RI(0x98.0),C:00B5
    33:     { 
    34:         RI = 0; 
C:0x00B3    C298     CLR      RI(0x98.0)
    35:     } 
    36: } 

 在熟悉了sfr bit关键字以后，STC的代码基本就能理解了，不过对于记忆力难度很高，各种名称标识不如STM明了，还需要对着PDF文档一页页翻，查每一个BIt的具体含义，考虑到创始人的极客个性，显的B格是比STM32高了那么一点点吧

狗头

• Not all SFRs are bit-addressable. Only those SFRs whose address is evenly divisible by 8 are bit-addressable. The lower nibble of the SFR's address must be 0 or 8. For example, SFRs at 0xA8 and 0xD0 are bit-addressable, whereas SFRs at 0xC7 and 0xEB are not. To calculate an SFR bit address, add the bit position to the SFR byte address. So, to access bit 6 in the SFR at 0xC8, the SFR bit address would be 0xCE (0xC8 + 6).
• Special function bits represent an independent declaration class that may not be interchangeable with other bit declarations or bit fields.
• The sbit data type declaration may be used to access individual bits of variables declared with the bdata memory type specifier. Refer to Bit-addressable Objects for more information.
• sbit variables may not be declared inside a function. They must be declared outside of the function body.

参考

User's Guides for Keil C51 Development Tools (arm.com)