servlet详细使用步骤和代码案例说明

最新推荐文章于 2022-11-28 17:45:00 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-11-28 17:45:00 发布

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　　发现用servlet的比较少哦，看见老一点的程序员都直接在jsp中直接写代码，比我年轻一点的程序员又直接用的框架struts等。而我呢不喜欢用框架，喜欢自己写代码，而且又有强迫症，一定要把服务器代码和html分开，所以我平时就用ajax和servlet最多，其实会熟练使用servlet还是很有必要的，提升开发效率，代码整洁，了解原理都有很大的帮助，下面就一起来学习回顾servlet的使用。

　　servlet详细使用步骤和代码案例说明：

　　首先唠叨一下什么是servlet,从最基础最理论的讲一下吧。

　　servlet是一个java class;

　　servlet是继承自HttpServlet的class;

　　不在客户端运行，是在服务端运行，拦截并分发客户端的请求;

　　相关介绍：

　　--javax.servlet.*:存放于http协议相关的一般性servlet类

　　--javax.servlet.http.*：除了继承javax.servlet.* 之外，并且还增加与HTTP协议有关的功能。

　　(注意：大家有必要学习一下HTTP协议，因为WEB开发都会涉及到)

　　所有的Servlet 都必须实现javax.servlet.Servlet 接口(Interface)。

　　若Servlet程序和HTTP 协议无关，那么必须继承javax.servlet.GenericServlet类;

　　若Servlet程序和HTTP 协议有关，那么必须继承javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet 类。

　　--HttpServlet：提供了一个抽象类用来创建Http Servlet。

　　public void doGet()方法：用来处理客户端发出的GET请求

　　public void doPost()方法：用来处理POST请求

　　--javax.servlet包的接口：

　　ServletConfig接口：在初始化的过程中由Servlet容器使用

　　ServletContext接口：定义Servlet用于获取来自其容器的信息的方法

　　ServletRequest接口：向服务器请求信息

　　ServletResponse接口：响应客户端请求

　　Filter接口：

　　--javax.servlet包的类：

　　ServletInputStream类：用于从客户端读取二进制数据

　　ServletOutputStream类：用于将二进制数据发送到客户端

　　--javax.servlet.http包的接口：

　　HttpServletRequest接口：提供Http请求信息

　　HttpServletResponse接口：提供Http响应

　　Servlet生命周期

　　--Servlet生命周期就是指创建Servlet实例后，存在的时间以及何时销毁的整个过程.

　　--Servlet生命周期有三个方法

　　init()方法：

　　service()方法：Dispatches client requests to the protected servicemethod

　　destroy()方法：Called by the servlet container to indicate to a servlet that the servlet is being taken out of service.

　　--Servlet生命周期的各个阶段

　　----实例化：Servlet容器创建Servlet实例

　　----初始化：调用init()方法

　　----服务：如果有请求，调用service()方法

　　----销毁：销毁实例前调用destroy()方法

　　----垃圾收集：销毁实例

　　(正式开始.......)

　　1、在eclipse或者Myeclipse里新建Web Project

　　2、选择Generate web.xml deployment descriptor

　　3、编码前段页面

　　登陆页面：

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<script>
function check(){//判空检测
var username = document.getElementById("username");
var password = document.getElementById("password");
var textnode1 = document.createTextNode("请输入有效的用户名");
var textnode2 = document.createTextNode("请输入正确的密码");
if(document.getElementById("p1").hasChildNodes()){
document.getElementById("p1").removeChild(document.getElementById("p1").firstChild);
}
if (username.value == ""){
document.getElementById("p1").appendChild(textnode1);
}
if(document.getElementById("p2").hasChildNodes()){
document.getElementById("p2").removeChild(document.getElementById("p2").firstChild);
}
if(password.value == ""){
document.getElementById("p2").appendChild(textnode2);
}
if(password.value != "" && username.value != "")
{
var login = document.getElementById('loginform');
login.submit();
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
This is my first JSP page. <p/>
<form action='servletdemo' method='post' id='loginform'>
用户名：<input type="text" id="username" name="username"><a id="p1" ></a><p/>
密码：<input type="password" id="password" name="password"><a id ="p2" ></a><p/>
<input type="button" value="登陆">
<input type="button" value="注册">
</form>
</body>
</html>

复制代码

成功登陆之后的页面：

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
This is my second JSP page. <p/>
<%
String name = (String)session.getAttribute("username");
String pass = (String)session.getAttribute("password");
%>
welcome <%=name%>!<p/>
you password is <%=pass%>
</body>
</html>

复制代码

4、在WebRoot(eclipse中式WebCotent)/WEB-INF/web.xml中添加servlet部署

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee [url]http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd[/url]" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
<display-name>servletTest</display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<servlet>
<description>This is the description of my J2EE component</description>
<display-name>This is the display name of my J2EE component</display-name>
<servlet-name>servletdemo</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.servlet.servletdemo</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>servletdemo</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/servletdemo</url-pattern>//此处“/”后的名字和jsp页面中form表单的action保持一致
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

复制代码

5、编码servlet处理class

package com.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
public class servletdemo extends HttpServlet{
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
//初始化
public void init() throws ServletException {
System.out.println("我是init()方法！用来进行初始化工作");
}
//处理GET请求
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(request, response);
}
//处理POST请求
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
String username = new String(request.getParameter("username").getBytes("ISO-8859-1"),"utf-8");
String password = request.getParameter("password");
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
session.setAttribute("username", username);
session.setAttribute("password", password);
response.sendRedirect("/servletTest/success.jsp");
System.out.println("用户名："+username);
System.out.println("密码："+password);
}
//销毁实例
public void destroy() {
super.destroy();
System.out.println("我是destroy()方法！用来进行销毁实例的工作");
}

复制代码

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<script>
function check(){//判空检测
var username = document.getElementById("username");
var password = document.getElementById("password");
var textnode1 = document.createTextNode("请输入有效的用户名");
var textnode2 = document.createTextNode("请输入正确的密码");
if(document.getElementById("p1").hasChildNodes()){
document.getElementById("p1").removeChild(document.getElementById("p1").firstChild);
}
if (username.value == ""){
document.getElementById("p1").appendChild(textnode1);
}
if(document.getElementById("p2").hasChildNodes()){
document.getElementById("p2").removeChild(document.getElementById("p2").firstChild);
}
if(password.value == ""){
document.getElementById("p2").appendChild(textnode2);
}
if(password.value != "" && username.value != "")
{
var login = document.getElementById('loginform');
login.submit();
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
This is my first JSP page. <p/>
<form action='servletdemo' method='post' id='loginform'>
用户名：<input type="text" id="username" name="username"><a id="p1" ></a><p/>
密码：<input type="password" id="password" name="password"><a id ="p2" ></a><p/>
<input type="button" value="登陆">
<input type="button" value="注册">
</form>
</body>
</html>

复制代码

成功登陆之后的页面：

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
This is my second JSP page. <p/>
<%
String name = (String)session.getAttribute("username");
String pass = (String)session.getAttribute("password");
%>
welcome <%=name%>!<p/>
you password is <%=pass%>
</body>
</html>

复制代码

4、在WebRoot(eclipse中式WebCotent)/WEB-INF/web.xml中添加servlet部署

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee [url]http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd[/url]" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
<display-name>servletTest</display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<servlet>
<description>This is the description of my J2EE component</description>
<display-name>This is the display name of my J2EE component</display-name>
<servlet-name>servletdemo</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.servlet.servletdemo</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>servletdemo</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/servletdemo</url-pattern>//此处“/”后的名字和jsp页面中form表单的action保持一致
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

复制代码

5、编码servlet处理class

package com.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
public class servletdemo extends HttpServlet{
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
//初始化
public void init() throws ServletException {
System.out.println("我是init()方法！用来进行初始化工作");
}
//处理GET请求
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(request, response);
}
//处理POST请求
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
String username = new String(request.getParameter("username").getBytes("ISO-8859-1"),"utf-8");
String password = request.getParameter("password");
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
session.setAttribute("username", username);
session.setAttribute("password", password);
response.sendRedirect("/servletTest/success.jsp");
System.out.println("用户名："+username);
System.out.println("密码："+password);
}
//销毁实例
public void destroy() {
super.destroy();
System.out.println("我是destroy()方法！用来进行销毁实例的工作");
}

复制代码

（文章来源:http://www.nei-mao.com/）

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<script>
function check(){//判空检测
var username = document.getElementById("username");
var password = document.getElementById("password");
var textnode1 = document.createTextNode("请输入有效的用户名");
var textnode2 = document.createTextNode("请输入正确的密码");
if(document.getElementById("p1").hasChildNodes()){
document.getElementById("p1").removeChild(document.getElementById("p1").firstChild);
}
if (username.value == ""){
document.getElementById("p1").appendChild(textnode1);
}
if(document.getElementById("p2").hasChildNodes()){
document.getElementById("p2").removeChild(document.getElementById("p2").firstChild);
}
if(password.value == ""){
document.getElementById("p2").appendChild(textnode2);
}
if(password.value != "" && username.value != "")
{
var login = document.getElementById('loginform');
login.submit();
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
This is my first JSP page. <p/>
<form action='servletdemo' method='post' id='loginform'>
用户名：<input type="text" id="username" name="username"><a id="p1" ></a><p/>
密码：<input type="password" id="password" name="password"><a id ="p2" ></a><p/>
<input type="button" value="登陆">
<input type="button" value="注册">
</form>
</body>
</html>

复制代码

成功登陆之后的页面：

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
This is my second JSP page. <p/>
<%
String name = (String)session.getAttribute("username");
String pass = (String)session.getAttribute("password");
%>
welcome <%=name%>!<p/>
you password is <%=pass%>
</body>
</html>

复制代码

4、在WebRoot(eclipse中式WebCotent)/WEB-INF/web.xml中添加servlet部署

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee [url]http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd[/url]" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
<display-name>servletTest</display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<servlet>
<description>This is the description of my J2EE component</description>
<display-name>This is the display name of my J2EE component</display-name>
<servlet-name>servletdemo</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.servlet.servletdemo</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>servletdemo</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/servletdemo</url-pattern>//此处“/”后的名字和jsp页面中form表单的action保持一致
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

复制代码

5、编码servlet处理class

package com.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
public class servletdemo extends HttpServlet{
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
//初始化
public void init() throws ServletException {
System.out.println("我是init()方法！用来进行初始化工作");
}
//处理GET请求
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(request, response);
}
//处理POST请求
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
String username = new String(request.getParameter("username").getBytes("ISO-8859-1"),"utf-8");
String password = request.getParameter("password");
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
session.setAttribute("username", username);
session.setAttribute("password", password);
response.sendRedirect("/servletTest/success.jsp");
System.out.println("用户名："+username);
System.out.println("密码："+password);
}
//销毁实例
public void destroy() {
super.destroy();
System.out.println("我是destroy()方法！用来进行销毁实例的工作");
}