to_param()函数和parameterize()函数

to_param() Link
Returns a string representing the object’s key suitable for use in URLs, or nil if persisted? is false.

class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
end

person = Person.create
person.to_param # => “1”

to_param() Link
Returns a String, which Action Pack uses for constructing an URL to this object. The default implementation returns this record’s id as a String, or nil if this record’s unsaved.

For example, suppose that you have a User model, and that you have a resources :users route. Normally, user_path will construct a path with the user object’s ‘id’ in it:

user = User.find_by(name: ‘Phusion’)
user_path(user) # => “/users/1”
You can override to_param in your model to make user_path construct a path using the user’s name instead of the user’s id:

class User < ActiveRecord::Base
def to_param # overridden
name
end
end

user = User.find_by(name: ‘Phusion’)
user_path(user) # => “/users/Phusion”

to_param(method_name = nil) Link
Defines your model’s to_param method to generate “pretty” URLs using method_name, which can be any attribute or method that responds to to_s.

class User < ActiveRecord::Base
to_param :name
end

user = User.find_by(name: ‘Fancy Pants’)
user.id # => 123
user_path(user) # => “/users/123-fancy-pants”
Values longer than 20 characters will be truncated. The value is truncated word by word.

user = User.find_by(name: ‘David HeinemeierHansson’)
user.id # => 125
user_path(user) # => “/users/125-david”
Because the generated param begins with the record’s id, it is suitable for passing to find. In a controller, for example:

params[:id] # => “123-fancy-pants”
User.find(params[:id]).id # => 123

to_param(namespace = nil) Link
Returns a string representation of the receiver suitable for use as a URL query string:

{name: ‘David’, nationality: ‘Danish’}.to_param

=> “name=David&nationality=Danish”

An optional namespace can be passed to enclose the param names:

{name: ‘David’, nationality: ‘Danish’}.to_param(‘user’)

=> “user[name]=David&user[nationality]=Danish”

The string pairs “key=value” that conform the query string are sorted lexicographically in ascending order.

This method is also aliased as to_query.

Also aliased as: to_query

parameterize(sep = ‘-‘) Link
Replaces special characters in a string so that it may be used as part of a ‘pretty’ URL.

class Person
def to_param
“#{id}-#{name.parameterize}”
end
end

@person = Person.find(1)

=> #

=> Donald E. Knuth

使用用户友好的网址。在网址显示具描述性的模型属性，而不只是 id 。
有不止一种方法可以达成：

覆写模型的 to_param 方法。这是 Rails 用来给对象建构网址的方法。缺省的实作会以字串形式返回该 id 的记录。它可被另一个具人类可读的属性覆写。

class Person
def to_param
“#{id} #{name}”.parameterize
end
end
为了要转换成对网址友好 (URL-friendly)的数值，字串应当调用 parameterize 。 对象的 id 要放在开头，以便给 ActiveRecord 的 find 方法查找。