Canvas操作以及图层

一、Canvas概念

画布，应用程序绘制图形以及控制图形的动画都是在其上面实现的，它提供了图形绘制的真实表面和绘制图形相关的接口，你的绘画操作真正通过它被渲染在窗口的Bitmap上，使得用户可见。

在View的OnDraw回调事件里，可以获得当前View的Canvas；对于SurfaceView对象你也可以通过 SurfaceHolder.lockCanvas()来获得Canvas;假如你需要创建的一个新的Canvas，你首先需要创建的一个用于真正绘制的Bitmap，通过Bitmap来创建Canvas，代码如下：

Bitmap b = Bitmap.createBitmap(100, 100, Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);
Canvas c = new Canvas(b);

二、Canvas与View之间的关系

在应用程序窗口的绘制过程中，可以逐步理解到Canvas和View之间的关系。
首先由该窗口的ViewRootImpl通过SurfaceHolder.lockCanvas()来获得创建一个Canvas，并把该Canvas传给窗口的DecorView的draw方法，源代码如下：

/**
     * Manually render this view (and all of its children) to the given Canvas.
     * The view must have already done a full layout before this function is
     * called.  When implementing a view, implement
     * {@link #onDraw(android.graphics.Canvas)} instead of overriding this method.
     * If you do need to override this method, call the superclass version.
     *
     * @param canvas The Canvas to which the View is rendered.
     */
    public void draw(Canvas canvas) {
        final int privateFlags = mPrivateFlags;
        final boolean dirtyOpaque = (privateFlags & PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK) == PFLAG_DIRTY_OPAQUE &&
                (mAttachInfo == null || !mAttachInfo.mIgnoreDirtyState);
        mPrivateFlags = (privateFlags & ~PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK) | PFLAG_DRAWN;

        /*
         * Draw traversal performs several drawing steps which must be executed
         * in the appropriate order:
         *
         *      1. Draw the background
         *      2. If necessary, save the canvas' layers to prepare for fading
         *      3. Draw view's content
         *      4. Draw children
         *      5. If necessary, draw the fading edges and restore layers
         *      6. Draw decorations (scrollbars for instance)
         */

        // Step 1, draw the background, if needed
        int saveCount;

        if (!dirtyOpaque) {
            drawBackground(canvas);
        }

       .......

        // Step 3, draw the content
        if (!dirtyOpaque) onDraw(canvas);

        // Step 4, draw the children
        dispatchDraw(canvas);

       .......

        // Step 6, draw decorations (foreground, scrollbars)
        onDrawForeground(canvas);
    }

接下来通过dispatchDraw(canvas)分发给窗口的子View，源代码如下：

    @Override
    protected void dispatchDraw(Canvas canvas) {

        .........
        // We will draw our child's animation, let's