http://blog.csdn.net/liaoxiaohua1981/article/details/6771043
- 格式定义:
- <context-param>
- <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
- <param-value>contextConfigLocationValue></param-value>
- </context-param>
作用:该元素用来声明应用范围(整个WEB项目)内的上下文初始化参数。
param-name 设定上下文的参数名称。必须是唯一名称
param-value 设定的参数名称的值
- 初始化过程:
- 在启动Web项目时,容器(比如Tomcat)会读web.xml配置文件中的两个节点<listener>和<contex-param>。
- 接着容器会创建一个ServletContext(上下文),应用范围内即整个WEB项目都能使用这个上下文。
- 接着容器会将读取到<context-param>转化为键值对,并交给ServletContext。
- 容器创建<listener></listener>中的类实例,即创建监听(备注:listener定义的类可以是自定义的类但必须需要继承ServletContextListener)。
- 在监听的类中会有一个contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event)初始化方法,在这个方法中可以通过event.getServletContext().getInitParameter("contextConfigLocation") 来得到context-param 设定的值。在这个类中还必须有一个contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent event) 销毁方法.用于关闭应用前释放资源,比如说数据库连接的关闭。
- 得到这个context-param的值之后,你就可以做一些操作了.注意,这个时候你的WEB项目还没有完全启动完成.这个动作会比所有的Servlet都要早。
由上面的初始化过程可知容器对于web.xml的加载过程是context-param >> listener >> fileter >> servlet
- 如何使用
- 页面中
${initParam.contextConfigLocation}
- Servlet中
String paramValue=getServletContext().getInitParameter("contextConfigLocation")
声明:此内容为整理所得
- 定义
- <listener>
- <listen-class>com.myapp.MyListener</listen-class>
- </listener>
- 作用
该元素用来注册一个监听器类。可以收到事件什么时候发生以及用什么作为响应的通知。事件监听程序在建立、修改和删除会话或servlet环境时得到通知。常与context-param联合使用。 - listen-class 指定监听类,该类继承ServletContextListener 包含初始化方法contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) 和 销毁方法contextDestoryed(ServletContextEvent event)
- 示例:初始化日志配置文件
- <!--初始化日志配置文件 -->
- <listener>
- <listener-class>
- com.myapp.LogbackConfigListener
- </listener-class>
- </listener>
- <context-param>
- <param-name>logbackConfigLocation</param-name>
- <param-value>WEB-INF/logback.xml</param-value>
- </context-param>
- /**
- *
- */
- package com.myapp;
- import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
- import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
- import org.slf4j.Logger;
- import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
- import ch.qos.logback.classic.LoggerContext;
- import ch.qos.logback.classic.joran.JoranConfigurator;
- import ch.qos.logback.core.joran.spi.JoranException;
- /**
- * @author louisliao
- *
- */
- public class LogbackConfigListener implements ServletContextListener {
- private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(LogbackConfigListener.class);
- private static final String CONFIG_LOCATION = "logbackConfigLocation";
- /* (non-Javadoc)
- * @see javax.servlet.ServletContextListener#contextDestroyed(javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent)
- */
- public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent arg0) {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- }
- /* (non-Javadoc)
- * @see javax.servlet.ServletContextListener#contextInitialized(javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent)
- */
- public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- String logbackConfigLocation = event.getServletContext().getInitParameter(CONFIG_LOCATION);
- String fn = event.getServletContext().getRealPath(logbackConfigLocation);
- try {
- LoggerContext loggerContext = (LoggerContext)LoggerFactory.getILoggerFactory();
- loggerContext.reset();
- JoranConfigurator joranConfigurator = new JoranConfigurator();
- joranConfigurator.setContext(loggerContext);
- joranConfigurator.doConfigure(fn);
- logger.debug("loaded slf4j configure file from {}", fn);
- }
- catch (JoranException e) {
- logger.error("can loading slf4j configure file from " + fn, e);
- }
- }
- }
- 定义
- <pre class="html" name="code"><filter>
- <filter-name>encodingfilter</filter-name>
- <filter-class>com.my.app.EncodingFilter</filter-class>
- <init-param>
- <param-name>encoding</param-name>
- <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
- </init-param>
- </filter>
- <filter-mapping>
- <filter-name>encodingfilter</filter-name>
- <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
- </filter-mapping></pre><br>
- <pre></pre>
- <pre></pre>
- 作用
用于指定WEB容器的过滤器,在请求和响应对象在Servlet处理之前和之后,可以通过此过滤器对这两个对象进行处理。
- 备注
filter-class 中指定的过滤器类须继承 javax.servlet.Filter 具有须有以下三种方法
init(FilterConfig filterConfig):初始化;一般情况下时读取配置文件中的init-param参数值 如 filterConfig.getInitParameter("encoding")
doFilter(...):用于对request,response进行处理,并能过chain.doFilter(...) 交过下一个控制器
destroy():资源销毁
- 示例:如编码过滤器
web.xml配置
- <filter>
- <filter-name>encodingfilter</filter-name>
- <filter-class>com.my.app.EncodingFilter</filter-class>
- <init-param>
- <param-name>encoding</param-name>
- <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
- </init-param>
- </filter>
- <filter-mapping>
- <filter-name>encodingfilter</filter-name>
- <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
- </filter-mapping>
Java 代码
- /**
- *
- */
- package com.myapp;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import javax.servlet.Filter;
- import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
- import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
- import javax.servlet.ServletException;
- import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
- /**
- * @author louisliao
- *
- */
- public class EncodingFilter implements Filter {
- /**
- * 配置中默认的字符编码
- */
- protected String encoding = null;
- protected FilterConfig filterConfig;
- /**
- * 当没有指定默认编码时是否允许跳过过滤
- */
- protected boolean ignore = true;
- /**
- *
- */
- public EncodingFilter() {
- // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
- }
- /* (non-Javadoc)
- * @see javax.servlet.Filter#destroy()
- */
- public void destroy() {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- this.encoding=null;
- this.filterConfig=null;
- }
- /* (non-Javadoc)
- * @see javax.servlet.Filter#doFilter(javax.servlet.ServletRequest, javax.servlet.ServletResponse, javax.servlet.FilterChain)
- */
- public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
- FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- HttpServletRequest hRequest=(HttpServletRequest)request;
- HttpServletResponse hResponse=(HttpServletResponse)response;
- //Conditionally select and set the character encoding to be used
- if(ignore || hRequest.getCharacterEncoding()==null){
- String coding=selectEncoding(hRequest);
- if(coding!=null){
- hRequest.setCharacterEncoding(coding);
- hResponse.setCharacterEncoding(coding);
- }
- }
- //将控制器传向下一个filter
- chain.doFilter(hRequest, hResponse);
- }
- /* (non-Javadoc)
- * @see javax.servlet.Filter#init(javax.servlet.FilterConfig)
- */
- public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- this.filterConfig=filterConfig;
- this.encoding=filterConfig.getInitParameter("encoding");
- System.out.println(this.encoding);
- String value = filterConfig.getInitParameter("ignore");
- if (value == null) {
- this.ignore = true;
- } else if (value.equalsIgnoreCase("true")) {
- this.ignore = true;
- } else if (value.equalsIgnoreCase("yes")) {
- this.ignore = true;
- } else {
- this.ignore = false;
- }
- }
- protected String selectEncoding(ServletRequest request) {
- return (this.encoding);
- }
- }
- init方法是在WEB应用启动就会调用,doFilter则是在访问filter-mapping映射到的url时会调用。