Efficient Projections onto the ℓ1-Ball for Learning in High Dimensions[2008]

文章给出了求解:
1.投影到单纯形
2.投影到 l1 ball的算法。
下图只给出了复杂度为 O(nlogn) 的算法,关于算法复杂度为 O(n) 的算法,请参考文章后面的详细内容。

% 测试
clearvars;clc;
z=1;
%v=[4 4]';
v=[-0.5 1]';
w=proj2_L1ball0(v,z);
%真实的结果应该为:
% y=x; 与x+y=1,两条之间的交点,即点:(0.5,0.5)
function w=proj2_L1ball0(v,z)
% 函数的功能: 将高维空间点v投影到||w||_1 \leq z的ball中,即在ball中找到一个点与点v之间的欧式距离最小。
% input:
%       v:待投影的矢量(点)
%       z:L1 ball的约束
% output:
%       w:投影后的矢量(点)
% 说明:其中点或者矢量都以列矢量的形式出现
n=length(v);
if norm(v,1)<=z
    w=v;
else
    u=abs(v);
    su=sort(u,1,'descend');
    j=1;
    while  true
        if su(j)-(sum(su(1:j),1)-z)/j<0
            j=j-1;
            break;
        end
        if j==n
            break;
        end
        j=j+1;
    end
    theta=1/j*(sum(su(1:j),1)-z);
    w=bsxfun(@times,sign(v),max(u-theta,0));
end
end

从投影结果可以看出,很容易得到稀疏形式的解。
这里写图片描述
上图给出了三个投影的实例,不在 ||w||1<1 范围内的点的投影均落在边界上,并且从上面点的投影来看,我们很容易求解出稀疏的解。

这里写图片描述
参考文献:
1.Efficient Projections onto the ℓ1-Ball for Learning in High Dimensions[2008]
2. latex\EPon2Ball.tex

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