C++监测文件夹变化

转自：http://blog.csdn.net/zhihu008/article/details/7995829

Barry注：只是学习ReadDirectoryChangesW的时候发现的一个例子，用于理解ReadDirectoryChangesW的用法，目前发现的不足之处有：

1. ReadDirectoryChangesW的退出不优雅，直接TerminateThread实属下下策，如果close时无限等待，很容易死锁

2. 监控目录不为空时，直接删除见空目录，ReadDirectoryChangesW也不会感知到，线程不会退出，除非手动再次start（会死锁，因为start中的close是无限等待）

FileSystemWatcher.h

#ifndef __FILESYSTEMWATCHER_HPP__
#define __FILESYSTEMWATCHER_HPP__

#if(_WIN32_WINNT < 0x0400)
#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0400
#endif
#include <windows.h>

class FileSystemWatcher
{
public:
 enum Filter
 {
  FILTER_FILE_NAME        = 0x00000001, // add/remove/rename
  FILTER_DIR_NAME         = 0x00000002, // add/remove/rename
  FILTER_ATTR_NAME        = 0x00000004,
  FILTER_SIZE_NAME        = 0x00000008,
  FILTER_LAST_WRITE_NAME  = 0x00000010, // timestamp
  FILTER_LAST_ACCESS_NAME = 0x00000020, // timestamp
  FILTER_CREATION_NAME    = 0x00000040, // timestamp
  FILTER_SECURITY_NAME    = 0x00000100
 };
 enum ACTION
 {
  ACTION_ERRSTOP          = -1,
  ACTION_ADDED            = 0x00000001,
  ACTION_REMOVED          = 0x00000002,
  ACTION_MODIFIED         = 0x00000003,
  ACTION_RENAMED_OLD      = 0x00000004,
  ACTION_RENAMED_NEW      = 0x00000005
 };

 typedef void (__stdcall *LPDEALFUNCTION)( ACTION act, LPCWSTR filename, LPVOID lParam );

 FileSystemWatcher();
 ~FileSystemWatcher();

 // LPCTSTR dir: dont end-with "\\"
 bool Run( LPCTSTR dir, bool bWatchSubtree, DWORD dwNotifyFilter, LPDEALFUNCTION dealfun, LPVOID lParam );
 void Close( DWORD dwMilliseconds=INFINITE );

private: // no-impl
 FileSystemWatcher( const FileSystemWatcher& );
 FileSystemWatcher operator=( const FileSystemWatcher );

private:
 HANDLE m_hDir;
 DWORD m_dwNotifyFilter;
 bool m_bWatchSubtree;
 HANDLE m_hThread;
 volatile bool m_bRequestStop;
 LPDEALFUNCTION m_DealFun;
 LPVOID m_DealFunParam;
 static DWORD WINAPI Routine( LPVOID lParam );
};

#endif // __FILESYSTEMWATCHER_HPP__

FileSystemWatcher.cpp

#include "FileSystemWatcher.h"
#include <cassert>

FileSystemWatcher::FileSystemWatcher() : m_hDir(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE), m_hThread(NULL)
{
 assert( FILTER_FILE_NAME        == FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_FILE_NAME   );
 assert( FILTER_DIR_NAME         == FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_DIR_NAME    );
 assert( FILTER_ATTR_NAME        == FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_ATTRIBUTES  );
 assert( FILTER_SIZE_NAME        == FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_SIZE        );
 assert( FILTER_LAST_WRITE_NAME  == FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_LAST_WRITE  );
 assert( FILTER_LAST_ACCESS_NAME == FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_LAST_ACCESS );
 assert( FILTER_CREATION_NAME    == FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_CREATION    );
 assert( FILTER_SECURITY_NAME    == FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_SECURITY    );

 assert( ACTION_ADDED            == FILE_ACTION_ADDED              );
 assert( ACTION_REMOVED          == FILE_ACTION_REMOVED            );
 assert( ACTION_MODIFIED         == FILE_ACTION_MODIFIED           );
 assert( ACTION_RENAMED_OLD      == FILE_ACTION_RENAMED_OLD_NAME   );
 assert( ACTION_RENAMED_NEW      == FILE_ACTION_RENAMED_NEW_NAME   );
}

FileSystemWatcher::~FileSystemWatcher()
{
 Close();
}

bool FileSystemWatcher::Run( LPCTSTR dir, bool bWatchSubtree, DWORD dwNotifyFilter, LPDEALFUNCTION dealfun, LPVOID lParam )
{
 Close();

 m_hDir = CreateFile(//dir目录不能以'\'结尾，否则监测不到dir目录被删除，不以\结尾，可以检测到（仅限于空目录时）
  dir,
  GENERIC_READ,
  FILE_SHARE_READ|FILE_SHARE_WRITE|FILE_SHARE_DELETE,
  NULL,
  OPEN_EXISTING,
  FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS,
  NULL
  );
 if( INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == m_hDir ) return false;

 m_bWatchSubtree = bWatchSubtree;
 m_dwNotifyFilter = dwNotifyFilter;
 m_DealFun = dealfun;
 m_DealFunParam = lParam;
 m_bRequestStop = false;

 DWORD ThreadId;
 m_hThread = CreateThread( NULL,0,Routine,this,0,&ThreadId );
 if( NULL == m_hThread )
 {
  CloseHandle( m_hDir );
  m_hDir = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
 }

 return NULL!=m_hThread;
}

void FileSystemWatcher::Close( DWORD dwMilliseconds )
{
 if( NULL != m_hThread )
 {
  m_bRequestStop = true;
  if( WAIT_TIMEOUT == WaitForSingleObject(m_hThread,dwMilliseconds) )
   TerminateThread( m_hThread, 0 );
  CloseHandle( m_hThread );
  m_hThread = NULL;
 }
 if( INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE != m_hDir )
 {
  CloseHandle( m_hDir );
  m_hDir = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
 }
}

DWORD WINAPI FileSystemWatcher::Routine( LPVOID lParam )
{
 FileSystemWatcher& obj = *(FileSystemWatcher*)lParam;

 BYTE buf[ 2*(sizeof(FILE_NOTIFY_INFORMATION)+2*MAX_PATH)+2 ];
 FILE_NOTIFY_INFORMATION* pNotify=(FILE_NOTIFY_INFORMATION *)buf;
 DWORD BytesReturned;
 while( !obj.m_bRequestStop )
 {
  if( ReadDirectoryChangesW( obj.m_hDir,
   pNotify,
   sizeof(buf)-2,
   obj.m_bWatchSubtree,
   obj.m_dwNotifyFilter,
   &BytesReturned,
   NULL,
   NULL ) ) // 无限等待，应当使用异步方式
  {
   for( FILE_NOTIFY_INFORMATION* p=pNotify; p; )
   {
    WCHAR c = p->FileName[p->FileNameLength/2];
    p->FileName[p->FileNameLength/2] = L'\0';

    obj.m_DealFun( (ACTION)p->Action, p->FileName, obj.m_DealFunParam );

    p->FileName[p->FileNameLength/2] = c;

    if( p->NextEntryOffset )
     p  = (PFILE_NOTIFY_INFORMATION)( (BYTE*)p + p->NextEntryOffset );
    else
     p = 0;
   }
  }
  else
  {
   obj.m_DealFun( (ACTION)ACTION_ERRSTOP, 0, obj.m_DealFunParam );
   break;
  }
 }

 return 0;
}

main函数

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "FileSystemWatcher.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#include <conio.h>

void __stdcall MyDeal( FileSystemWatcher::ACTION act, LPCWSTR filename, LPVOID lParam )
{
 static FileSystemWatcher::ACTION pre = FileSystemWatcher::ACTION_ERRSTOP;
 switch( act )
 {
 case FileSystemWatcher::ACTION_ADDED:
  wprintf_s( L"Added     - %s\n", filename );
  break;
 case FileSystemWatcher::ACTION_REMOVED:
  wprintf_s( L"Removed   - %s\n", filename );
  break;
 case FileSystemWatcher::ACTION_MODIFIED:
  wprintf_s( L"Modified  - %s\n", filename );
  break;
 case FileSystemWatcher::ACTION_RENAMED_OLD:
  wprintf_s( L"Rename(O) - %s\n", filename );
  break;
 case FileSystemWatcher::ACTION_RENAMED_NEW:
  assert( pre == FileSystemWatcher::ACTION_RENAMED_OLD );
  wprintf_s( L"Rename(N) - %s\n", filename );
  break;
 case FileSystemWatcher::ACTION_ERRSTOP:
 default:
  wprintf_s( L"---ERROR---%s\n", filename );
  break;
 }
 pre = act;
}

int main()
{
 LPCTSTR sDir= TEXT("D:\\监测文件夹");
 DWORD dwNotifyFilter = FileSystemWatcher::FILTER_FILE_NAME|FileSystemWatcher::FILTER_DIR_NAME;

 FileSystemWatcher fsw;
 bool r = fsw.Run( sDir, true, dwNotifyFilter, &MyDeal, 0 );
 if( !r ) return -1;

 _tsetlocale( LC_CTYPE, TEXT("chs") );
 _tprintf_s( TEXT("Watch%s\n"), sDir );
 _tprintf_s( TEXT("Press <q> to quit.\n") );

 while( _getch() != 'q' );

 fsw.Close(1000);

 return 0;
}