golang发起GET和POST请求，超时设置，设置代理

raoxiaoya

已于 2024-11-08 09:03:19 修改

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分类专栏： golang 文章标签： golang iphone xcode

于 2020-10-13 14:47:52 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/raoxiaoya/article/details/109051050

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本文详细介绍了HTTP的GET和POST请求方法，包括它们的区别、使用场景以及如何在Go语言中实现。GET用于获取资源，而POST用于提交数据。对于POST请求，还讲解了Content-Type的两种常见类型：multipart/form-data和application/x-www-form-urlencoded，并给出了文件上传和参数处理的示例。同时，文章涵盖了设置HTTP请求超时的方法。

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GET请求

func CurlGetWithParam(link string, param map[string]string) (response string, err error) {
	u, _ := url.Parse(link)
	q := u.Query()
	for k, val := range param {
		q.Set(k, val)
	}
	u.RawQuery = q.Encode()
	link = u.String()
	resp, err := http.Get(link)
	if err != nil {
		return response, err
	}
	defer resp.Body.Close()
	body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	return string(body), nil
}

POST请求

由于数据在请求体中，根据数据的解析规则，POST有几种Content-Type，具体说明可以阅读 https://blog.csdn.net/raoxiaoya/article/details/106446863

Content-Type常用的两种格式：multipart/form-data, application/x-www-form-urlencoded

1、multipart/form-data

可以上传文件，数据以boundary分割，类似于 multipart/form-data; boundary---------------xxxxxxxxxx
根据Content-Type，接收者就可以解析数据了。
boundary后面的字符串是随机生成的。

func CurlPostWithParam4(link string, param map[string][]string, header map[string]string, files map[string]string) (response string, err error) {
	data := &bytes.Buffer{}
	writer := multipart.NewWriter(data)

	// 处理文件内容
	for name, path := range files {
		part, err := writer.CreateFormFile(name, path)
		if err != nil {
			return response, err
		}
		f, err := os.Open(path)
		if err != nil {
			return response, err
		}
		_, err = io.Copy(part, f)
		if err != nil {
			return response, err
		}
	}

	// 处理其他字段
	for k, sli := range param {
		for _, s := range sli {
			writer.WriteField(k, s)
		}
	}

	err = writer.Close()
	if err != nil {
		return response, err
	}

	// 查看数据流
	// p, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(data)
	// fmt.Println(string(p))

	req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", link, data)
	if err != nil {
		return response, err
	}

	// 处理header
	for k, v := range header {
		req.Header.Set(k, v)
	}

	// **** 重要
	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", writer.FormDataContentType())

	client := &http.Client{}

	resp, err := client.Do(req)
	if err != nil {
		return response, err
	}

	defer resp.Body.Close()
	body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	return string(body), nil
}

本函数支持header, 文件，切片value

func main() {
	p4 := map[string][]string{"key": {"aaaa"}, "id": {"123", "456"}}
	file := map[string]string{"out": "./note.ttt"}
	rep4, err := CurlPostWithParam4("http://192.168.2.157:8000/vote2/Vote", p4, nil, file)
	fmt.Println(rep4)
	fmt.Println(err)
}

查看打印数据流

p, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(data)
fmt.Println(string(p))

打印信息：

--d2b5abf753c3348fb843e24924690a0de3aa487c90eedad8949f713091bf
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="out"; filename="./note.ttt"
Content-Type: application/octet-stream

aaaaaaa
bbbbbbb
--d2b5abf753c3348fb843e24924690a0de3aa487c90eedad8949f713091bf
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="key"

aaaa
--d2b5abf753c3348fb843e24924690a0de3aa487c90eedad8949f713091bf
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="id"

123
--d2b5abf753c3348fb843e24924690a0de3aa487c90eedad8949f713091bf
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="id"

456
--d2b5abf753c3348fb843e24924690a0de3aa487c90eedad8949f713091bf--

2、application/x-www-form-urlencoded

发送普通key-value，以&拼接。

func CurlPostWithParam1(link string, param map[string]string) (response string, err error) {
	str := ""
	for k, val := range param {
		if str == "" {
			str = k + "=" + val
		} else {
			str = str + "&" + k + "=" + val
		}
	}

	r := strings.NewReader(str)
	resp, err := http.Post(link, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", r)
	if err != nil {
		return response, err
	}

	defer resp.Body.Close()
	body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	return string(body), nil
}

发送的value是一个切片，也就是可以发送数组。

func CurlPostWithParam2(link string, param map[string][]string) (response string, err error) {
	// fmt.Println(url.Values(param).Encode()) // id=123&key=Value&key=aaaa
	resp, err := http.PostForm(link, url.Values(param))

	if err != nil {
		return response, err
	}

	defer resp.Body.Close()
	body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	return string(body), nil
}

带请求头的

func CurlPostWithParam3(link string, param map[string][]string, header map[string]string) (response string, err error) {
	r := strings.NewReader(url.Values(param).Encode())
	req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", link, r)
	if err != nil {
		return response, err
	}

	for k, v := range header {
		req.Header.Set(k, v)
	}

	client := &http.Client{}

	resp, err := client.Do(req)
	if err != nil {
		return response, err
	}

	defer resp.Body.Close()
	body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	return string(body), nil
}

3、其他类型

如果要传递的数据是自定义格式的，接收者自定义解析的，比如 json, xml。

text 		=> text/plain
javascript 	=> application/javascript
json 		=> application/json
html 		=> text/html
xml 		=> application/xml

可通过设置 req.Header.Set(“Content-Type”, “application/json”)

func CurlPostWithParam5(link string, param string, header map[string]string) (response string, err error) {
	r := strings.NewReader(param)
	req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", link, r)
	if err != nil {
		return response, err
	}

	for k, v := range header {
		req.Header.Set(k, v)
	}

	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")

	client := &http.Client{}

	resp, err := client.Do(req)
	if err != nil {
		return response, err
	}

	defer resp.Body.Close()
	body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	return string(body), nil
}

超时设置

超时设置是在 http.Client 对象里面的 Timeout 字段

type Client struct {
	Transport RoundTripper
	CheckRedirect func(req *Request, via []*Request) error
	Jar CookieJar
	Timeout time.Duration
}

http 包下的快捷方式，如 http.Get(), http.Post() 使用的是默认的client，因此 Timeout 为零值，就是 0 ，也就是不超时。

func Get(url string) (resp *Response, err error) {
	return DefaultClient.Get(url)
}

var DefaultClient = &Client{}

所以，想要设置超时，需要使用自定义的client来发起请求，类似于。

c := http.Client{
	Timeout: time.Second * 2,
}

req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "http://192.168.2.157:8001/common/GetOpenidByCode?code=xxxx", strings.NewReader(""))
if err != nil {
	panic(err)
}

resp, err := c.Do(req)
if err != nil {
	panic(err)
}

defer resp.Body.Close()
body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)

fmt.Println(string(body))
fmt.Println(err)

综合一下

var (
	// Clients and Transports are safe for concurrent use by multiple goroutines and for efficiency should only be created once and re-used.
	customizedClient = http.Client{Timeout: time.Second * 10}
)

// proxy代理服务器地址，比如 http://127.0.0.1:1080/
func HttpRequestProxy(link string, proxy string, method string, headers map[string]string, body string) (response string, err error) {
	cli := &customizedClient
	proxyAddress, _ := url.Parse(proxy)
	cli.Transport = &http.Transport{Proxy: http.ProxyURL(proxyAddress)}

	return HttpClientRequest(cli, link, method, headers, body)
}

// HttpRequest
// GET:  HttpRequest("http..", "GET", nil, "")
// POST: HttpRequest("http..", "POST", [content-type=application/x-www-form-urlencoded], "a=1&b=2")
// POST: HttpRequest("http..", "POST", [content-type=application/json], "{a:1, b:2}")
func HttpRequest(link string, method string, headers map[string]string, body string) (response string, err error) {
	return HttpClientRequest(&customizedClient, link, method, headers, body)
}

func HttpClientRequest(client *http.Client, link string, method string, headers map[string]string, body string) (response string, err error) {
	method = strings.ToUpper(method)
	req, err := http.NewRequest(method, link, strings.NewReader(body))
	if err != nil {
		return "", errors.New("NewRequest error")
	}
	for k, v := range headers {
		req.Header.Set(k, v)
	}

	resp, err := client.Do(req)
	if err != nil {
		return "", errors.New("client.Do error")
	}

	data, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	if err != nil || resp.StatusCode != 200 {
		return string(data), errors.New(resp.Status)
	}
	return string(data), nil
}

func CurlGetWithParam(link string, param map[string]interface{}) (response string, err error) {
	u, _ := url.Parse(link)
	q := u.Query()
	for k, v := range param {
		var val string
		switch ins := v.(type) {
		case string:
			val = ins
		case int:
			val = strconv.Itoa(ins)
		case bool:
			val = strconv.FormatBool(ins)
		case float64:
			val = strconv.FormatFloat(ins, 'f', -1, 64)
		}
		q.Set(k, val)
	}
	u.RawQuery = q.Encode()
	return HttpRequest(u.String(), "GET", nil, "")
}

func CurlWithParam(link string, method string, param map[string]string) (response string, err error) {
	u, _ := url.Parse(link)
	q := u.Query()
	for k, val := range param {
		q.Set(k, val)
	}
	u.RawQuery = q.Encode()
	headers := map[string]string{
		"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
	}
	method = strings.ToUpper(method)
	if method == "GET" {
		link = u.String()
		headers = nil
	}
	return HttpRequest(link, method, headers, q.Encode())
}