判断二叉树是否为平衡二叉树

一、线性思维

遍历每个节点都时候，求左右子树的深度，如果左右子树深度相差不超过1，继续递归遍历左右节点，此种方法会重复遍历，时间效率不高

IS_BALANCED(T)

        if T is NULL

                return true;

        left = TreeDepth(T.left);

        right = TreeDepth(T.right);

        diff = left - right;

        if diff > 1 or diff < -1

                return false;

        return IS_BALANCED(T.left) and IS_BALANCED(T.right);

二、带缓存的遍历

IS_BALANCED(T, *depth)

        if T is NULL

                depth = 0;

                return true;

        if IS_BALANCED(T.left, left) and IS_BALANCED(T.right, right)

                diff = left - right;

                if diff <= 1 and diff >= -1

                        depth = 1 + ( left > right ? left : right );

                        return true;

        return false;

转自http://zhedahht.blog.163.com/blog/static/25411174201142733927831/

三、时间复杂度O(n)，这种比较好理解

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     struct TreeNode *left;
 *     struct TreeNode *right;
 * };
 */
 
int dfsHeight(struct TreeNode* root){
    if(root == NULL)
        return 0;
        
    int leftHeight = dfsHeight(root -> left);
    if(leftHeight == -1)
        return -1;
        
    int rightHeight = dfsHeight(root -> right);
    if(rightHeight == -1)
        return -1;
        
    if(abs(leftHeight - rightHeight) > 1)
        return -1;
        
    return leftHeight > rightHeight ? leftHeight+1 : rightHeight+1;
}

bool isBalanced(struct TreeNode* root) {
    return dfsHeight(root) != -1;
}