从头认识java-12.2 Class对象（2）-使用与注意点

这一章节我们接着上一章节，继续讲述Class对象的使用与注意点。

1.使用例子

package com.ray.ch11;

public class Test {
	@SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" })
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		try {
			Class<Swimmer> swimmerClass = (Class<Swimmer>) Class
					.forName("com.ray.ch11.Swimmer");
			Swimmer swimmer = (Swimmer) swimmerClass.newInstance();
			// 调用对象的方法
			swimmer.say();
			swimmer.swim();
			// 得到类的名称
			System.out.println(swimmer.getClass().getSimpleName());
			// 打印接口
			for (Class item : swimmer.getClass().getInterfaces()) {
				System.out.println(item.getName());
			}
			// 得到父类的路径
			System.out.println(swimmer.getClass().getSuperclass());
			// new 父类
			Person person = (Person) swimmer.getClass().getSuperclass()
					.newInstance();
			// 调用父类的方法
			person.say();
		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
			System.out.println("class not found");
		} catch (InstantiationException e) {
			System.out.println("instantiation");
		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
			System.out.println("illegal access");
		}
	}
}

interface canSwim {
	void swim();
}

class Person {
	public void say() {
		System.out.println("i am a person");
	}
}

class Swimmer extends Person implements canSwim {
	public Swimmer() {
	}

	public Swimmer(int age) {
	}

	@Override
	public void say() {
		System.out.println("i am a swimmer");
	}

	@Override
	public void swim() {
		System.out.println("i can swim");
	}

}

输出：

i am a swimmer
i can swim
Swimmer
com.ray.ch11.canSwim
class com.ray.ch11.Person
i am a person

上面的例子已经展示了大部分Class对象需要用到的东西。但是根据经验来说，一般在平常编程里面是不采取上面的方式，因为维护起来非常麻烦，如果Swimmer名字一改，整个类都不能够正常运行了。

2.注意点

（1）当需要创建Class.forName所对应的类对象的时候必须保证类里面有空的构造器，不然抛异常，因为newInstance不接受参数。

正确的代码：

package com.ray.ch11;

public class Test {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		try {
			Class<Swimmer> swimmerClass = (Class<Swimmer>) Class
					.forName("com.ray.ch11.Swimmer");
			swimmerClass.newInstance();
		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
			System.out.println("class not found");
		} catch (InstantiationException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

class Swimmer {
	public Swimmer() {
	}

	public Swimmer(int age) {
	}

}

错误的代码：

package com.ray.ch11;

public class Test {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		try {
			Class<Swimmer> swimmerClass = (Class<Swimmer>) Class
					.forName("com.ray.ch11.Swimmer");
			swimmerClass.newInstance();
		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
			System.out.println("class not found");
		} catch (InstantiationException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

class Swimmer {
	public Swimmer(int age) {
	}

}

错误代码会抛异常，输出：

java.lang.InstantiationException: com.ray.ch11.Swimmer
at java.lang.Class.newInstance0(Class.java:340)
at java.lang.Class.newInstance(Class.java:308)
at com.ray.ch11.Test.main(Test.java:8)

总结：这一章节介绍了Class对象的使用与注意点，下一章节开始将介绍Class对象的其他方面。

这一章节就到这里，谢谢。

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