Objective C 的单例模式 Singleton with ARC

目前了解到Objective C 实现singleton有3种方式

1.Initialize方法实现

static MySingleton *sharedSingleton;

+ (void)initialize
{
    static BOOL initialized = NO;
    if(!initialized)
    {
        initialized = YES;
        sharedSingleton = [[MySingleton alloc] init];
    }
}

Note: 若该类有子类，那么会返回父类的实例而非我们期望子类的实例，因此要清楚的知道该单例有无子类。

可用 self == [MySingletonClass class] ]进行判断，或者子类要override父类的initialize方法，该方法有时会比dispatch_once()方法要快。

Update for 子类initialize方法的影响

<span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei;">@implementation MySingletonClass
static MySingletonClass * _instance;
+ (void) initialize {
   if (self == [MySingletonClass class]){
      _instance = [[MySingletonClass alloc] init];
   }
}

- (id) init {
   ZAssert (_instance == nil, @"Duplication initialization of singleton");
   self = [super init];
   if (self) {
      // Initialization
   }
   return self;
}

+ (id) getInstance {
   return _instance;
}
@end</span>

Objective-C: init vs initialize

2.synchronized方式

@interface MySingleton : NSObject
{
}

+ (MySingleton *)sharedSingleton;
@end

@implementation MySingleton

+ (MySingleton *)sharedSingleton
{
  static MySingleton *sharedSingleton;

  @synchronized(self)
  {
    if (!sharedSingleton)
      sharedSingleton = [[MySingleton alloc] init];

    return sharedSingleton;
  }
}

@end

3.dispatch_once方式

+ (instancetype)sharedInstance
{
    static MyClass *sharedInstance = nil;
    static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
    dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
        sharedInstance = [[MyClass alloc] init];
        // Do any other initialisation stuff here
    });
    return sharedInstance;
}

dispatch_once()是同步的，即便多线程访问也是安全的，并非所有的GCD方式都是同步的，dispatch_once()比synchronizeed方法更快，且仅被调用一次，推荐使用dispatch_once方式。

Reference List:

1. What should my Objective-C singleton look like?
2. Why does Apple recommend to use dispatch_once for implementing the singleton pattern under ARC?
3. Singleton with ARC