Dialog & Windows 使用技巧
1. 在任务栏隐藏对话框
ModifyStyleEx(WS_EX_APPWINDOW, WS_EX_TOOLWINDOW);
2. 使对话框为顶层窗口
SetWindowPos(&this->wndTopMost, 0, 0, 0, 0, SWP_NOMOVE|SWP_NOSIZE);
3. 在运行时添加最大化,最小化按钮
SetWindowLong(this->m_hWnd, GWL_STYLE,
GetWindowLong(this->m_hWnd, GWL_STYLE) |
WS_MINIMIZEBOX | WS_MAXIMIZEBOX);
UpdateWindow();
4. 当对话框一部分在屏幕外时,显示全部对话框
SendMessage(DM_REPOSITION);
5. 改变鼠标外形
添加 WM_SETCURSOR 消息映射函数
BOOL CTest6Dlg::OnSetCursor(CWnd* pWnd, UINT nHitTest, UINT message)
{
SetCursor(AfxGetApp()->LoadStandardCursor(IDC_HELP));
return 0;
}
6. 改变对话框背景色和文本颜色
在CTest6App的InitInstance中添加
SetDialogBkColor(RGB(255,0,0), RGB(0,255,0));
7. 改变对话框caption上的图标
导入自己的图标资源到工程中,把原来ID为 IDR_MAINFRAME 的资源删除,把新的图标的ID命名为IDR_MAINFRAME
8. 在主对话框显示前,显示一个login对话框
BOOL CTest6App::InitInstance()
{
//...
int nResponse;
CLoginDlg loginDlg;
nResponse = loginDlg.DoModal();
if (nResponse == IDOK)
{
}
if (nResponse == IDCANCEL)
{
return FALSE;
}
CTest6Dlg dlg;
m_pMainWnd = &dlg;
int nResponse = dlg.DoModal();
if (nResponse == IDOK )
{
}
else if (nResponse == IDCANCEL)
{
}
return FALSE;
}
9. 在对话框中添加工具栏
方法一:添加以下代码到 OnInitDialog 中
if ( !m_wndToolBar.Create(this) || !m_wndToolBar.LoadToolBar(IDR_TOOLBAR1) )
{
TRACE0("Failed to Create Dialog Toolbar/n");
EndDialog(IDCANCEL);
}
CRect rcClientOld; // 久客户区RECT
CRect rcClientNew; // 加入TOOLBAR后的CLIENT RECT
GetClientRect(rcClientOld); //
// Called to reposition and resize control bars in the client area of a window
// The reposQuery FLAG does not really traw the Toolbar. It only does the calculations.
// And puts the new ClientRect values in rcClientNew so we can do the rest of the Math.
//重新计算RECT大小
RepositionBars(AFX_IDW_CONTROLBAR_FIRST,
AFX_IDW_CONTROLBAR_LAST,
0,
reposQuery,
rcClientNew);
// All of the Child Windows (Controls) now need to be moved so the Tollbar does not cover them up.
//所有的子窗口将被移动,以免被TOOLBAR覆盖
// Offest to move all child controls after adding Tollbar
//计算移动的距离
CPoint ptOffset(rcClientNew.left-rcClientOld.left,
rcClientNew.top-rcClientOld.top);
CRect rcChild;
CWnd* pwndChild = GetWindow(GW_CHILD); //得到子窗口
while(pwndChild) // 处理所有子窗口
{
//移动所有子窗口
pwndChild->GetWindowRect(rcChild);
ScreenToClient(rcChild);
rcChild.OffsetRect(ptOffset);
pwndChild->MoveWindow(rcChild,FALSE);
pwndChild = pwndChild->GetNextWindow();
}
CRect rcWindow;
GetWindowRect(rcWindow); // 得到对话框RECT
rcWindow.right += rcClientOld.Width() - rcClientNew.Width(); // 修改对话框尺寸
rcWindow.bottom += rcClientOld.Height() - rcClientNew.Height();
MoveWindow(rcWindow,FALSE); // Redraw Window
RepositionBars(AFX_IDW_CONTROLBAR_FIRST,AFX_IDW_CONTROLBAR_LAST,0);
方法二:
http://www.codeproject.com/dialog/dlgtoolstatusbar.asp
10.响应对话框的最大化、最小化、关闭、恢复事件
方法一:添加 WM_SYSCOMMAND 消息映射函数
void CTest6Dlg::OnSysCommand(UINT nID, LPARAM lParam)
{
if ( (nID & 0xFFF0) == IDM_ABOUTBOX )
{
CAboutDlg dlgAbout;
dlgAbout.DoModal();
}
else
{
if ( nID == SC_MAXIMIZE )
{
AfxMessageBox(_T("最大化"));
}
else if ( nID == SC_MINIMIZE )
{
AfxMessageBox(_T("最小化"));
}
else if ( nID == SC_CLOSE )
{
AfxMessageBox(_T("关闭"));
}
CDialog::OnSysCommand(nID, lParam);
}
方法二:添加 WM_SIZE 消息映射函数
void CTest6Dlg::OnSize(UINT nType, int cx, int cy)
{
CDialog::OnSize(nType, cx, cy);
if ( nType == SIZE_MAXIMIZED )
{
AfxMessageBox(_T("最大化"));
}
else if ( nType == SIZE_MINIMIZED )
{
AfxMessageBox(_T("最小化"));
}
else if ( nType == SIZE_RESTORED )
{
AfxMessageBox(_T("恢复"));
}
}
11.代码实现窗口最小化,最大化,关闭
PostMessage(WM_SYSCOMMAND, SC_MINIMIZE);
PostMessage(WM_SYSCOMMAND, SC_MAXIMIZE);
PostMessage(WM_SYSCOMMAND, SC_CLOSE);
12.按下ESC和ENTER键时禁止关闭对话框
方法一:
(1) 重载OnCancel和OnOk,屏蔽其中的CDialog::OnCancel()和CDialog::OnOk();
(2) 添加以下代码
void CTest6Dlg::OnSysCommand(UINT nID, LPARAM lParam)
{
if ((nID & 0xFFF0) == IDM_ABOUTBOX)
{
CAboutDlg dlgAbout; //if you have an about dialog
dlgAbout.DoModal();
}
else if ((nID & 0xFFF0) == SC_CLOSE)
{
//用户点击右上角"X"
EndDialog(IDOK);
}
else
{
CDialog::OnSysCommand(nID, lParam);
}
}
方法二:
BOOL CTest6Dlg::PreTranslateMessage(MSG* pMsg)
{
if ( pMsg->message == WM_KEYDOWN )
{
switch(pMsg->wParam)
{
case VK_ESCAPE:
return TRUE; //直接返回TRUE
break;
case VK_RETURN:
return TRUE;
break;
}
}
return CDialog::PreTranslateMessage(pMsg);
}
方法三:
Q122489:How to Disable Default Pushbutton Handling for MFC Dialog
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/122489/en-us
13. 对话框中编辑框如何响应VK_RETURN
对话框中的编辑框不能响应回车键,是因为对话框中的VK_RETURN消息被传给了OnOK,解决方法:
CString m_edit;
.........
void CxxxDlg::DoDataExchange(CDataExchange* pDX)
{
CDialog::DoDataExchange(pDX);
DDX_Text(pDX, IDC_EDIT1, m_edit);
}
..........
重载PreTranslateMessage
BOOL CXXXDlg:: PreTranslateMessage(MSG* pMsg)
{
if (pMsg->message == WM_KEYDOWN || pMsg->wParam == VK_SPACE ){
if (pMsg->wParam == VK_RETURN) {
UpdateData();
MessageBox(m_edit);
}
else{
::TranslateMessage(pMsg);
: ispatchMessage(pMsg);
}
return TRUE;
}
return CDialog: reTranslateMessage(pMsg);
}
14.在对话框中处理键盘鼠标消息
处理PreTranslateMessage消息
以下代码示例只演示了键盘WM_KEYDOWN消息,你也可以处理鼠标消息,比如WM_LBUTTONDOWN,WM_LBUTTONUP,WM_RBUTTONDOWN等。
BOOL CTest6Dlg::PreTranslateMessage(MSG* pMsg)
{
/**********************************************************/
/* 当焦点在combobox(drop down风格)的edit上,响应回车 */
/***********************************************************/
if ( pMsg->message == WM_KEYDOWN )
{
switch( pMsg->wParam )
{
case VK_RETURN:
CEdit *pEdit = (CEdit*)m_combo1.GetWindow(GW_CHILD);
if(pMsg->hwnd == pEdit->m_hWnd )
{
AfxMessageBox("在combobox的edit中按下了Enter!");
}
return TRUE;
}
}
/****************************************/
/* ALT为WM_SYSKEYDOWN */
/****************************************/
if( pMsg->message == WM_SYSKEYDOWN )
{
switch( pMsg->wParam )
{
case VK_F1:
if(::GetKeyState(VK_MENU) < 0)//ALT+F1
{
AfxMessageBox("按下了ALT+F1");
return TRUE;
}
}
}
/****************************************/
/* 在clistctrl中按ctrl+A选中所有项 */
/****************************************/
if( pMsg->message == WM_KEYDOWN )
{
if(pMsg->hwnd == GetDlgItem(IDC_LIST1)->m_hWnd)
{
switch( pMsg->wParam )
{
case 65://A
if(::GetKeyState(VK_CONTROL) < 0)//Shift+enter
{
for(int i=0; i<m_list.GetItemCount(); i++)
{
m_list.SetItemState(i, LVIS_SELECTED|LVIS_FOCUSED,
LVIS_SELECTED|LVIS_FOCUSED);
}
}
return TRUE;
}
}
}
/****************************************/
/* 当焦点在combobox,弹出自定义菜单 */
/****************************************/
if(pMsg->message == WM_RBUTTONDOWN)
{
CEdit *pEdit = (CEdit*)m_combo1.GetWindow(GW_CHILD);
if(pMsg->hwnd == pEdit->m_hWnd)
{
DWORD dwPos = GetMessagePos();
CPoint point( LOWORD(dwPos), HIWORD(dwPos) );
ScreenToClient(&point);
ClientToScreen(&point);
CMenu menu;
VERIFY( menu.LoadMenu( IDR_MENU1 ) );
CMenu* popup = menu.GetSubMenu(0);
ASSERT( popup != NULL );
popup->TrackPopupMenu(TPM_LEFTALIGN | TPM_RIGHTBUTTON, point.x, point.y, this );
}
}
return CDialog::PreTranslateMessage(pMsg);
}
15.对话框启动即隐藏
添加 WM_SHOWWINDOW 的消息映射
void CTest6Dlg::OnShowWindow(BOOL bShow, UINT nStatus)
{
if ( GetStyle() & WS_VISIBLE )
{
CDialog::OnShowWindow(bShow, nStatus);
}
else
{
long Style = ::GetWindowLong(*this, GWL_STYLE);
::SetWindowLong(*this, GWL_STYLE, Style | WS_VISIBLE);
CDialog::OnShowWindow(SW_HIDE, nStatus);
}
}
16.对话框自动停靠在屏幕边
const int DETASTEP = 50;
BOOL AdjustPos(CWnd *pWnd, CRect* lpRect)
{
//自动靠边
int iSX = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXFULLSCREEN);
int iSY = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYFULLSCREEN);
RECT rWorkArea;
BOOL bResult = SystemParametersInfo(SPI_GETWORKAREA, sizeof(RECT), &rWorkArea, 0);
CRect rcWA;
if ( !bResult )
{
//如果调用不成功就利用GetSystemMetrics获取屏幕面积
rcWA = CRect(0,0,iSX,iSY);
}
else
rcWA = rWorkArea;
int iX = lpRect->left;
int iY = lpRect->top;
if ( iX < rcWA.left + DETASTEP && iX!=rcWA.left )
{
//调整左
pWnd->SetWindowPos(NULL,rcWA.left,iY,0,0,SWP_NOSIZE);
lpRect->OffsetRect(rcWA.left-iX,0);
AdjustPos(lpRect);
return TRUE;
}
if ( iY < rcWA.top + DETASTEP && iY!=rcWA.top )
{
//调整上
pWnd->SetWindowPos(NULL ,iX,rcWA.top,0,0,SWP_NOSIZE);
lpRect->OffsetRect(0,rcWA.top-iY);
AdjustPos(lpRect);
return TRUE;
}
if ( iX + lpRect->Width() > rcWA.right - DETASTEP && iX !=rcWA.right-lpRect->Width() )
{
//调整右
pWnd->SetWindowPos(NULL ,rcWA.right-rcW.Width(),iY,0,0,SWP_NOSIZE);
lpRect->OffsetRect(rcWA.right-lpRect->right,0);
AdjustPos(lpRect);
return TRUE;
}
if ( iY + lpRect->Height() > rcWA.bottom - DETASTEP && iY !=rcWA.bottom-lpRect->Height() )
{
//调整下
pWnd->SetWindowPos(NULL ,iX,rcWA.bottom-rcW.Height(),0,0,SWP_NOSIZE);
lpRect->OffsetRect(0,rcWA.bottom-lpRect->bottom);
return TRUE;
}
return FALSE;
}
//然后在ONMOVEING事件中使用如下过程调用
CRect r=*pRect;
AdjustPos(this, &r);
*pRect=(RECT)r;
17.单击窗口任意位置都可拖动窗口
添加 WM_LBUTTONDOWN 的消息映射
void CTest6Dlg::OnLButtonDown(UINT nFlags, CPoint point)
{
PostMessage(WM_NCLBUTTONDOWN, HTCAPTION, 0);
CDialog::OnLButtonDown(nFlags, point);
}
或者参考
http://msdn.microsoft.com/msdnmag/issues/02/12/CQA/default.aspx
18.用Enter键替换Tab键实现焦点切换
BOOL CTest6Dlg::PreTranslateMessage(MSG* pMsg)
{
if ( pMsg->message == WM_KEYDOWN )
{
if ( pMsg->wParam == VK_RETURN )
pMsg->wParam = VK_TAB;
}
return CDialog::PreTranslateMessage(pMsg);
}
19.在对话框添加快捷键
(1) 在CXXXApp中类中添加声明
HACCEL m_haccel;
(2) 在resource view中右键点击树的根目录,选择insert,添加一个新的Accelerator,默认ID为IDR_ACCELERATOR1。
在其中添加相应菜单的快捷键。
(3) 在BOOL CXXXApp::InitInstance()中添加代码
m_haccel = LoadAccelerators(AfxGetInstanceHandle(), MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDR_ACCELERATOR1));
(4) 添加CXXXApp类的 ProcessMessageFilter 消息映射函数
BOOL CTest6App::ProcessMessageFilter(int code, LPMSG lpMsg)
{
if ( m_haccel )
{
if ( ::TranslateAccelerator(m_pMainWnd->m_hWnd, m_haccel, lpMsg) )
return TRUE;
}
return CWinApp::ProcessMessageFilter(code, lpMsg);
}
或者参考
Q100770:How to use accelerator keys and a main menu on the dialog box in Visual C++
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/100770/en-us
20.对话框全屏
int cx, cy;
HDC dc = ::GetDC(NULL);
cx = GetDeviceCaps(dc,HORZRES) + GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXBORDER);
cy = GetDeviceCaps(dc,VERTRES) + GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYBORDER);
::ReleaseDC(0,dc);
// Remove caption and border
SetWindowLong(m_hWnd, GWL_STYLE,
GetWindowLong(m_hWnd, GWL_STYLE) & (~(WS_CAPTION | WS_BORDER)));
// Put window on top and expand it to fill screen
::SetWindowPos(m_hWnd, HWND_TOPMOST,
-(GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXBORDER)+1),
-(GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYBORDER)+1),
cx+1,cy+1, SWP_NOZORDER);
或参考
http://www.codeguru.com/cpp/w-d/dislog/dialog-basedapplications/article.php/c1837/
21.控制对话框最大最小尺寸
(1) 对话框的属性的必须是resizing的
(2) 打开classwizard->class info标签页->message filter中选择window
(3) 添加 WM_GETMINMAXINFO 消息映射
void CTest6Dlg::OnGetMinMaxInfo(MINMAXINFO *lpMMI)
{
lpMMI->ptMinTrackSize = CPoint(200, 200);
}
22. 创建无模式对话框
Q103788:Creating a Modeless Dialog Box with MFC Libraries
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/103788/EN-US/
23.在对话框中改变菜单项状态(enable/disable, check/uncheck, change text)
Q242577:You cannot change the state of a menu item from its command user-interface handler if the menu is attached to a dialog box in Visual C++
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/242577/en-us
24. 按下F1出现帮助
Q141724:Context-Sensitive Help in a CDialog Object
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/141724/en-us
25. 在网上可以找到很多有用的代码,我只是把一些常用的功能列出链接,方便查看
http://support.microsoft.com
http://www.codeproject.com/dialog/
http://www.codeguru.com/Cpp/W-D/dislog/
改变对话框大小时同时改变控件大小
http://www.codeproject.com/dialog/easysize.asp
http://www.codeproject.com/dialog/resizabledialog.asp
http://www.vchelp.net/vchelp/archive.asp?type_id=5&class_id=1&cata_id=1&article_id=548&search_term=
http://www.vchelp.net/vchelp/archive.asp?type_id=5&class_id=1&cata_id=1&article_id=538&search_term=
如何在可变大小(resizing)的对话框中实现滚动窗口
Q262954:How to create a resizeable dialog box with scroll bars in Visual C++
http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;262954
http://www.codeproject.com/dialog/scrollablechilddialog.asp
从某一点或某一边逐渐变大显示对话框
http://www.codeproject.com/dialog/canidialog.asp
一个重载的MessageBox类
http://www.codeproject.com/dialog/xmessagebox.asp
option设置对话框(左边是树,右边是子对话框)
实现原理:create多个child类型的对话框,然后全部hide,点击左边树的item时,显示相应子对话框。
http://www.codeproject.com/dialog/ezoptionsdlg.asp
http://www.codeproject.com/dialog/csettingsdlg.asp
http://www.codeguru.com/cpp/w-d/dislog/optionsdialogs/article.php/c1953/
http://www.codeguru.com/cpp/w-d/dislog/optionsdialogs/article.php/c2015/
实现MSN的右下角的消息弹出提示窗口
http://www.codeproject.com/dialog/statusbarmsgwnd.asp
Tip of the day(每日一贴)功能的实现
http://www.codeproject.com/dialog/XHTMLTipOfTheDay.asp
http://www.codeguru.com/cpp/w-d/dislog/tipoftheday/article.php/c4993/
不规则对话框
http://www.codeproject.com/dialog/SimpleIrregular.asp
扩展和收缩对话框
http://www.codeproject.com/dialog/dlgexpand.asp
对话框渐变色
http://www.codeproject.com/dialog/WinMakeInactive.asp
屏幕捕捉
http://www.codeproject.com/dialog/screencap.asp
对话框菜单添加“最近使用文件列表”功能
http://www.codeproject.com/dialog/rfldlg.asp
关闭对话框时,逐渐消失
http://www.codeguru.com/cpp/w-d/dislog/animation/article.php/c5063/
对话框背景bitmap
http://www.codeguru.com/cpp/w-d/dislog/bitmapsimages/article.php/c1877/
透明对话框
http://www.codeguru.com/cpp/w-d/dislog/miscellaneous/article.php/c5065/
http://www.codeguru.com/cpp/w-d/dislog/miscellaneous/article.php/c5019/
在对话框中创建view
http://www.codeguru.com/cpp/w-d/dislog/article.php/c5009/
Splash Screen
Q817372:How to insert a splash screen in a dialog-based application by using Visual C++ .NET or Visual C++ 2005
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/817372/en-us
Q815376:How to create and insert a splash screen in an SDI application or in an MDI application by using Visual C++ .NET or Visual C++ 2005
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/815376/en-us
http://www.codeguru.com/cpp/w-d/dislog/splashscreens/article.php/c2011/
http://www.codeguru.com/cpp/w-d/dislog/miscellaneous/article.php/c5019/
http://www.codeguru.com/cpp/w-d/dislog/splashscreens/article.php/c5029/
分割对话框
http://www.codeguru.com/cpp/w-d/dislog/splitterwindowswithingdialogs/article.php/c4973/
http://www.codeguru.com/cpp/w-d/dislog/splitterwindowswithingdialogs/article.php/c2031/
http://www.codeguru.com/cpp/w-d/dislog/splitterwindowswithingdialogs/article.php/c1979/
标题栏Title Bar
http://www.codeguru.com/cpp/w-d/dislog/titlebar/article.php/c1897/
添加状态栏statusbar和工具栏toolbar
Q123158:Adding Control Bars to Foundation Classes Dialogs
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/123158/en-us
http://www.codeguru.com/cpp/w-d/dislog/toolbarsandstatusbars/article.php/c1955/
http://www.codeguru.com/cpp/w-d/dislog/toolbarsandstatusbars/article.php/c1939/
http://www.codeguru.com/cpp/w-d/dislog/toolbarsandstatusbars/article.php/c1949/
Tooltip
Q141758:How to add tooltips for controls to an MFC modal dialog box
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/141758/en-us
http://www.codeguru.com/cpp/w-d/dislog/tooltipsfordialogcontrols/article.php/c2017/
http://www.codeguru.com/cpp/w-d/dislog/tooltipsfordialogcontrols/article.php/c1843/
http://www.codeguru.com/cpp/w-d/dislog/tooltipsfordialogcontrols/article.php/c1839/
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