取得IE地址栏的地址

大家知道在 Windows 中，每个程序都是窗口的形式，不管是隐藏的还是显示的，都可以取得它们的句柄，而每一个程序中的控件又都是一个一个的子窗口，同样也可以取得它们的句柄，这样在理论坛上可以取得任意程序中任意位置的值，这里我们就以取得 IE 浏览器地址栏中的地址为例子，在下面的例子中我分别自定义的 3 个函数：
1、EnumProc `遍查主窗口
2、GetZiWin `遍查子窗口
3、GetWinText `取得指定句柄的值

　　这 3 个函数只要做一定的修改，就可以在你任意的程序中单独使用，最后希望大家通过这个例子能够掌握窗口函数的基础技巧。

程序界面：
如图1所示，装载1个CommandButton（Caption为取得IE地址栏的地址）、1个ListBox控件，其他属性全部为默认。

程序代码：

'Form1.frm 文件
'--------------
Option Explicit
Private Sub Command1_Click()
　List1.Clear
　EnumWindows AddressOf EnumProc, 0
　If List1.ListCount = 0 Then List1.AddItem "没有启动 IE 浏览器"
End Sub

'Module1.bas 文件
'---------------
Option Explicit
'相关 API 函数声明
Public Declare Function EnumWindows Lib "user32" (ByVal lpEnumFunc As Any, ByVal lParam As Long) _
As Long '枚举窗口列表中的所有父窗口（顶级和被所有窗口）
Public Declare Function GetWindowText Lib "user32" Alias "GetWindowTextA" (ByVal hwnd As Long, _
ByVal lpString As String, ByVal cch As Long) As Long '取得指定窗口的司法题
Public Declare Function GetClassName Lib "user32" Alias "GetClassNameA" (ByVal hwnd As Long, ByVal _
lpClassName As String, ByVal nMaxCount As Long) As Long '为指定的窗口取得类名
Public Declare Function GetWindow Lib "user32" (ByVal hwnd As Long, ByVal wCmd As Long) As Long '取得窗口句柄
Declare Function SendMessage Lib "user32" Alias "SendMessageA" (ByVal hwnd As Long, ByVal _
wMsg As Long, ByVal wParam As Long, lParam As Any) As Long '发送消息

Const GW_CHILD = 5
Const GW_HWNDNEXT = 2
Const WM_GETTEXT = &HD
Const WM_GETTEXTLENGTH = &HE

'遍查主窗口
Public Function EnumProc(ByVal app_hwnd As Long, ByVal lParam As Long) As Boolean
Dim buf As String * 1024
Dim length As Long
Dim title As String

　length = GetWindowText(app_hwnd, buf, Len(buf))
　title = Left$(buf, length)

　'判断是否为 IE 浏览器窗口
　If InStr(title, " - Netscape") Or InStr(title, " - Microsoft Internet Explorer") Or InStr(title, "Offline Explorer") Then
　　Call GetZiWin(app_hwnd)
　End If
　
　EnumProc = 1
End Function

'遍查子窗口
Public Function GetZiWin(window_hwnd As Long) As String
Dim buf As String
Dim buflen As Long
Dim child_hwnd As Long
Dim children() As Long
Dim num_children As Integer
Dim i As Integer
　　
　buflen = 256
　buf = Space$(buflen - 1)
　buflen = GetClassName(window_hwnd, buf, buflen)
　buf = Left$(buf, buflen) '取得子窗口的类名
　
　If Right(buf, 4) = "Edit" Then '判断是否为地址栏子窗口
　　GetZiWin = GetWinText(window_hwnd)
　　Exit Function
　End If
　　
　num_children = 0
　child_hwnd = GetWindow(window_hwnd, GW_CHILD) '取得第 1 个子窗口的句柄
　Do While child_hwnd <> 0 '如果有子窗口
　　num_children = num_children + 1
　　ReDim Preserve children(1 To num_children)
　　children(num_children) = child_hwnd
　　child_hwnd = GetWindow(child_hwnd, GW_HWNDNEXT) '取得下一个兄弟窗口的句柄
　Loop
　　
　For i = 1 To num_children
　　Call GetZiWin(children(i))
　Next i
End Function

Public Function GetWinText(window_hwnd As Long) As String '取得子窗口的值
Dim txtlen As Long
Dim txt As String

　'通过 SendMessage 发送 WM_GETTEXT 取得 IE 地址栏的值
　GetWinText = ""
　If window_hwnd = 0 Then Exit Function
　　
　txtlen = SendMessage(window_hwnd, WM_GETTEXTLENGTH, 0, 0)
　If txtlen = 0 Then Exit Function
　　
　txtlen = txtlen + 1
　txt = Space$(txtlen)
　txtlen = SendMessage(window_hwnd, WM_GETTEXT, txtlen, ByVal txt)
　GetWinText = Left$(txt, txtlen)
　
　Form1.List1.AddItem GetWinText
End Function

　　相信大家看了上面的代码应该知道取得"任意窗口值"的原理，本程序在 VB6.0、Windows 98 下运行良好。