8、grep和正则表达式

一、egrep

egrep [command line options] [path]

打印指定的数据，填写就是要寻找的字符串

dingyi@martin:~$ egrep 'mellon' sample 
Mark watermellons 12
Oliver rockmellons 2

​

• 加==-n==打印行号
• 加==-c==打印匹配到的行的数量

dingyi@martin:~$ egrep -n  'mellon' sample 
3:Mark watermellons 12
11:Oliver rockmellons 2

dingyi@martin:~$ grep -c 'mellon' sample 
2

二、正则表达式

• . (dot) - 一个任意字符
• ? - 前一次字符出现0次或1次
• *-前一个字符出现次数大于等于0次.
• + - 前一个字符出现次数大于等于1次
• {n} - 前一次字符出现n次
• {n,m} - the preceding character matches at least n times and not more than m times.
• [agd] - 任意一个括号内的字符
• [^agd] - 不包含括号里的任一个字符
• [c-f] - 加个-表示一个范围，这里是c，d，e，f。本质和前面没区别
• () - allows us to group several characters to behave as one.
• | (pipe symbol) - the logical OR operation.
• ^ - 从前往后匹配
• $ - 从后往前匹配

egrep '[aeiou]{2,}' mysampledata.txt
Robert pears 4
Lisa peaches 7
Anne mangoes 7
Greg pineapples 3


egrep '2.+' mysampledata.txt
Fred apples 20

egrep '2$' mysampledata.txt
Mark watermellons 12
Susy oranges 12
Oliver rockmellons 2

egrep 'or|is|go' mysampledata.txt
Susy oranges 5
Terry oranges 9
Lisa peaches 7
Susy oranges 12
Anne mangoes 7

egrep '^[A-K]' mysampledata.txt
Fred apples 20
Anne mangoes 7
Greg pineapples 3
Betty limes 14