Linux下对于软件包的管理使用rpm管理方式。直接使用rpm包管理工具来进行rpm包的安装,升级,卸载时,对于最让人头疼的莫过与包之间的依赖关系。yum作为一个rpm包前端管理工具,可以自动处理依赖性关系,一次安装所有依赖的软件包,并且支持在线下载、安装、卸载、升级rpm软件包。本文主要描述基于本机,本地yum服务器配置yum源,以及基于公网yum源配置本地客户端,供大家参考。
一、yum源实现的三个机制
1、需要有一个包含各种rpm安装文件的软件仓库(即yum源)
2、有软件仓库的仓库数据库(repodata),其中收集了软件仓库中所有rpm包的头部信息(每个rpm包的包头信息包含了该包的描述,功能,提供的文件,依赖关系等信息);
3、有软件仓库的地址等信息
二、配置本地yum源
创建rpm包文件存放目录及复制相关文件
# mkdir -pv /mnt/CentOS7_ISO
# cd /run/media/robin/CentOS\ 7\ x86_64/
# cp -R * /mnt/CentOS7_ISO/
修改yum源repo文件配置
# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
# mkdir old
# mv *.repo old
编辑repo配置文件
# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo
[local-media]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Media
baseurl=file:///mnt/CentOS7_ISO/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
清空yum缓存目录
[root@centos7-router yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Cleaning repos: local-media
Cleaning up everything
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
生成yum元数据
[root@centos7-router yum.repos.d]# yum makecache
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
local-media | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
(1/4): local-media/group_gz | 155 kB 00:00:00
(2/4): local-media/primary_db | 2.8 MB 00:00:00
(3/4): local-media/other_db | 1.2 MB 00:00:00
(4/4): local-media/filelists_db | 2.9 MB 00:00:00
Determining fastest mirrors
Metadata Cache Created ###提示元数据缓存创建成功
查看本机yum repo 仓库
[root@centos7-router ~]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
repo id repo name status
local-media CentOS-7 - Media 3,723
repolist: 3,723
二、基于ftp方式配置本地yum发布源
为本机配置ftp服务器,将其发布供网络其它客户端作为yum源
安装vsftp
[root@centos7-router ~] # yum -y install vsftpd
[root@centos7-router ~] # vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
[root@centos7-router ~] # setenforce 0 ###立即生效
修改ftp配置文件
[root@centos7-router ~] # vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
anon_root=/mnt/CentOS7_ISO
启动ftp
[root@centos7-router ~]# systemctl start vsftpd
[root@centos7-router ~]# systemctl enable vsftpd
测试ftp服务可用性
[root@centos7-router ~]# ftp localhost
Trying ::1...
Connected to localhost (::1).
220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2)
Name (localhost:root): anonymous
331 Please specify the password.
Password:
230 Login successful.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
ftp> ls
229 Entering Extended Passive Mode (|||41973|).
150 Here comes the directory listing.
-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14 Sep 14 09:06 CentOS_BuildTag
dr-xr-xr-x 3 0 0 33 Sep 14 09:06 EFI ### Author : Leshami
-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 215 Sep 14 09:06 EULA ### Blog : http://blog.csdn.net/leshami
-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 18009 Sep 14 09:06 GPL
dr-xr-xr-x 2 0 0 41 Sep 14 09:06 LiveOS
dr-xr-xr-x 2 0 0 200704 Sep 14 09:08 Packages
-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1690 Sep 14 09:08 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1690 Sep 14 09:08 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7
-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2883 Sep 14 09:08 TRANS.TBL
dr-xr-xr-x 3 0 0 54 Sep 14 09:06 images
dr-xr-xr-x 2 0 0 4096 Sep 14 09:06 isolinux
dr-xr-xr-x 2 0 0 4096 Sep 14 09:08 repodata
226 Directory send OK.
配置防火墙
[root@centos7-router ~]# firewall-cmd --add-service=ftp --permanent
[root@centos7-router ~]# firewall-cmd --add-service=ftp
[root@centos7-router ~]# systemctl reload firewalld.service
三、基于http方式配置本地yum发布源
除了支持ftp方式外,也可以通过http方式将其发布供网络其它客户端作为yum源
安装httpd
[root@centos7-router ~]# yum install httpd
[root@centos7-router ~]# systemctl enable httpd
[root@centos7-router ~]# systemctl start httpd
配置防火墙
[root@centos7-router ~]# firewall-cmd --add-service=http --permanent
[root@centos7-router ~]# firewall-cmd --add-service=http
[root@centos7-router ~]# systemctl reload firewalld.service
将CentOS 光盘文件copy到/var/www/html/repo
此处使用了链接方式,将其链接到已经在本地磁盘的/mnt/CentOS7_ISO
[root@centos7-router ~]# ln -sv /mnt/CentOS7_ISO /var/www/html/repo
‘/var/www/html/repo’ -> ‘/mnt/CentOS7_ISO’
[root@centos7-router ~]# ls /var/www/html/repo
CentOS_BuildTag EULA images LiveOS repo RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 TRANS.TBL
EFI GPL isolinux Packages repodata RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7
通过浏览器校验,此时应该可以看到文件列表(此处略) http://192.168.1.175/repo
四、配置本地网络yum源客户端(ftp方式)
配置客户端
[root@centos7-web ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@centos7-web ~]# mkdir old
[root@centos7-web ~]# mv *.repo old
[root@centos7-web yum.repos.d]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/intranet.repo
[intranet-media] #库名称
name=CentOS-$releasever - Media #名称描述
baseurl=ftp://172.24.8.254 #yum源目录,源地址
gpgcheck=0 #检查GPG-KEY,0为不检查,1为检查
enabled=1 #是否用该yum源,0为禁用,1为使用
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 #gpgcheck=0时无需配置
[root@centos7-web yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
[root@centos7-web yum.repos.d]# yum makecache
[root@centos7-web yum.repos.d]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
repo id repo name status
intranet-media CentOS-7 - Media 3,723
repolist: 3,723
测试yum配置
[root@centos7-web yum.repos.d]# yum install ftp -y
四、配置本地网络yum源客户端(http方式)
配置客户端repo文件
[root@centos7-web ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/intranet.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/old/
[root@centos7-web ~]# yum-config-manager --add-repo=http://192.168.1.175/repo
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
adding repo from: http://192.168.1.175/repo
[192.168.1.175_repo]
name=added from: http://192.168.1.175/repo
baseurl=http://192.168.1.175/repo
enabled=1
[root@centos7-web ~]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Cleaning repos: 192.168.1.175_repo
Cleaning up everything
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
[root@centos7-web ~]# yum makecache
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
192.168.1.175_repo | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
(1/4): 192.168.1.175_repo/group_gz | 155 kB 00:00:00
(2/4): 192.168.1.175_repo/primary_db | 2.8 MB 00:00:00
(3/4): 192.168.1.175_repo/other_db | 1.2 MB 00:00:00
(4/4): 192.168.1.175_repo/filelists_db | 2.9 MB 00:00:01
Determining fastest mirrors
Metadata Cache Created
[root@centos7-web ~]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
repo id repo name status
192.168.1.175_repo added from: http://192.168.1.175/repo 3,723
repolist: 3,723
五、配置阿里云、epel yum源客户端
# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/aliyun.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
# rpm -Uvh http://mirrors.kernel.org/fedora-epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
# yum makecache
六、虚拟机环境直接使用iso文件充当yum源(补充@20171110)
如下为光盘iso文件路径,可以直接将其配置到baseurl,最大的好处是,可以节省虚拟机磁盘空间占用。如下:
baseurl=”file:///run/media/robin/CentOS 7 x86_64”