AsyncTask可以用来正确和方便的使用UI线程。这个类允许执行背景操作和公布结果
用法:
private class DownloadFilesTask extends AsyncTask<URL, Integer, Long> {
protected Long doInBackground(URL... urls) {
int count = urls.length;
long totalSize = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
totalSize += Downloader.downloadFile(urls[i]);
publishProgress((int) ((i / (float) count) * 100));
// Escape early if cancel() is called
if (isCancelled()) break;
}
return totalSize;
}
protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... progress) {
setProgressPercent(progress[0]);
}
protected void onPostExecute(Long result) {
showDialog("Downloaded " + result + " bytes");
}
}
一旦建立,执行是很简单的
new DownloadFilesTask().execute(url1, url2, url3);
异步任务的通用类型
Params
, 执行任务的参数的类型
Progress
, 在后台运行期间执行的进程
Result
, 后台运行返回的结果
Void
即可。
private class MyTask extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, Void> { ... }
The 4 steps
When an asynchronous task is executed, the task goes through 4 steps:
onPreExecute()
, invoked on the UI thread before the task is executed. This step is normally used to setup the task, for instance by showing a progress bar in the user interface.doInBackground(Params...)
, invoked on the background thread immediately afteronPreExecute()
finishes executing. This step is used to perform background computation that can take a long time. The parameters of the asynchronous task are passed to this step. The result of the computation must be returned by this step and will be passed back to the last step. This step can also usepublishProgress(Progress...)
to publish one or more units of progress. These values are published on the UI thread, in theonProgressUpdate(Progress...)
step.onProgressUpdate(Progress...)
, invoked on the UI thread after a call topublishProgress(Progress...)
. The timing of the execution is undefined. This method is used to display any form of progress in the user interface while the background computation is still executing. For instance, it can be used to animate a progress bar or show logs in a text field.onPostExecute(Result)
, invoked on the UI thread after the background computation finishes. The result of the background computation is passed to this step as a parameter.
Cancelling a task
A task can be cancelled at any time by invoking cancel(boolean)
. Invoking this method will cause subsequent calls to isCancelled()
to return true. After invoking this method, onCancelled(Object)
, instead of onPostExecute(Object)
will be invoked after doInBackground(Object[])
returns. To ensure that a task is cancelled as quickly as possible, you should always check the return value of isCancelled()
periodically from doInBackground(Object[])
, if possible (inside a loop for instance.)
Threading rules
There are a few threading rules that must be followed for this class to work properly:
- The AsyncTask class must be loaded on the UI thread. This is done automatically as of
JELLY_BEAN
. - The task instance must be created on the UI thread.
execute(Params...)
must be invoked on the UI thread.- Do not call
onPreExecute()
,onPostExecute(Result)
,doInBackground(Params...)
,onProgressUpdate(Progress...)
manually. - The task can be executed only once (an exception will be thrown if a second execution is attempted.)
Memory observability
AsyncTask guarantees that all callback calls are synchronized in such a way that the following operations are safe without explicit synchronizations.
- Set member fields in the constructor or
onPreExecute()
, and refer to them indoInBackground(Params...)
. - Set member fields in
doInBackground(Params...)
, and refer to them inonProgressUpdate(Progress...)
andonPostExecute(Result)
.
Order of execution
When first introduced, AsyncTasks were executed serially on a single background thread. Starting with DONUT
, this was changed to a pool of threads allowing multiple tasks to operate in parallel. Starting with HONEYCOMB
, tasks are executed on a single thread to avoid common application errors caused by parallel execution.
If you truly want parallel execution, you can invoke executeOnExecutor(java.util.concurrent.Executor, Object[])
with THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR
.