ctypes是Python的一个外部库,提供和C语言兼容的数据类型,可以很方便地调用C DLL中的函数。ctypes的官方文档在这里。
1. ctypes基本数据类型映射表
参数类型预先设定好,或者在调用函数时再把参数转成相应的c_***类型。ctypes的类型对应如下:
ctypes type | C type | Python Type |
c_char | char | 1-character string |
c_wchar | wchar_t | 1-character unicode string |
c_byte | char | int/long |
c_ubyte | unsigned char | int/long |
c_bool | bool | bool |
c_short | short | int/long |
c_ushort | unsigned short | int/long |
c_int | int | int/long |
c_uint | unsigned int | int/long |
c_long | long | int/long |
c_ulong | unsigned long | int/long |
c_longlong | __int64 or longlong | int/long |
c_ulonglong | unsigned __int64 or unsigned long long | int/long |
c_float | float | float |
c_double | double | float |
c_longdouble | long double float | float |
c_char_p | char * | string or None |
c_wchar_p | wchar_t * | unicode or None |
c_void_p | void * | int/long or None |
对应的指针类型是在后面加上"_p",如int*是c_int_p等等。在python中要实现c语言中的结构,需要用到类。
2. 加载DLL
访问dll,首先需引入ctypes库
from ctypes