RabbitMQ入门教程 For Java【5】 - Topic
2016年01月14日 16:26:34
RabbitMQ入门教程 For Java【5】 - Topic
我的开发环境:
操作系统: Windows7 64bit
开发环境: JDK 1.7 - 1.7.0_55
开发工具: Eclipse Kepler SR2
RabbitMQ版本: 3.6.0
Elang版本: erl7.2.1
关于Windows7下安装RabbitMQ的教程请先在网上找一下,有空我再补安装教程。
源码地址
https://github.com/chwshuang/rabbitmq.git
Topic模式
匹配模式,如果按照百度翻译和百度百科,直接叫主题或者话题就得了,但是如果你真的明白它在RabbitMQ中代表什么,就不能这么直接的翻译成中文了。如果要用中文理解它的意思,先了解它在RabbitMQ中用来做什么:topic类型的交换器允许在RabbitMQ中使用模糊匹配来绑定自己感兴趣的信息。
所以,我觉得这一章应该叫macth模式更合适,中文 - 匹配模式。
在上一章,通过直连交换器,生产者发送不同路由关键字的日志,消费者端通过绑定自己感兴趣的路由关键字来接收消息,进行完善日志系统。如果我想只接收生产者com.test.rabbitmq.topic包下的日志,其他包的忽略掉,之前的日志系统处理起来可能就非常麻烦,还好,我们有匹配模式,现在我们将生产者发送过来的消息按照包名来命名,那么消费者端就可以在匹配模式下使用【#.topic.*】这个路由关键字来获得感兴趣的消息。
匹配交换器
通过匹配交换器,我们可以配置更灵活的消息系统,你可以在匹配交换器模式下发送这样的路由关键字:
“a.b.c”、“c.d”、“quick.orange.rabbit”
不过一定要记住,路由关键字【routingKey】不能超过255个字节(bytes)
匹配交换器的匹配符
· *(星号)表示一个单词
· #(井号)表示零个或者多个单词
示例说明:
这一章的例子中,我们使用三个段式的路由关键字,有三个单词和两个点组成。第一个词是速度,第二个词是颜色,第三个是动物名称。
我们用三个关键字来绑定,Q1绑定关键字是【*.orange.*】,Q2绑定关键字是【*.*.rabbit】和【lazy.#】,然后分析会发生什么:
· Q1会收到所有orange这种颜色相关的消息
· Q2会收到所有rabbit这个动物相关的消息和所有速度lazy的动物的消息
分析:
生产者发送“quick.orange.rabbit”的消息,两个队列都会收到
生产者发送“lazy.orange.elephant”,两队列也都会收到。
生产者发送"quick.orange.fox",那么只有Q1会收到。
生产者发送"lazy.brown.fox",那么只会有Q2能收到。
生产者发送"quick.brown.fox",那么这条消息会被丢弃,谁也收不到。
生产者发送"quick.orange.male.rabbit",这个消息也会被丢弃,谁也收不到。
生产者发送"lazy.orange.male.rabbit",这个消息会被Q2的【lazy.#】规则匹配上,发送到Q2队列中。
注意
交换器在匹配模式下:
如果消费者端的路由关键字只使用【#】来匹配消息,在匹配【topic】模式下,它会变成一个分发【fanout】模式,接收所有消息。
如果消费者端的路由关键字中没有【#】或者【*】,它就变成直连【direct】模式来工作。
测试代码
包图
代码
ReceiveLogsTopic1.java
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1. import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
2. import java.io.IOException;
3.
4. public class ReceiveLogsTopic1 {
5.
6. private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "topic_logs";
7.
8. public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
9. ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
10. factory.setHost("localhost");
11. Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
12. Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
13. // 声明一个匹配模式的交换器
14. channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "topic");
15. String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
16. // 路由关键字
17. String[] routingKeys = new String[]{"*.orange.*"};
18. // 绑定路由关键字
19. for (String bindingKey : routingKeys) {
20. channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, bindingKey);
21. System.out.println("ReceiveLogsTopic1 exchange:"+EXCHANGE_NAME+", queue:"+queueName+", BindRoutingKey:" + bindingKey);
22. }
23.
24. System.out.println("ReceiveLogsTopic1 [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C");
25.
26. Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
27. @Override
28. public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
29. String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
30. System.out.println("ReceiveLogsTopic1 [x] Received '" + envelope.getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
31. }
32. };
33. channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
34. }
35. }
ReceiveLogsTopic2.java
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1. import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
2. import java.io.IOException;
3.
4. public class ReceiveLogsTopic2 {
5.
6. private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "topic_logs";
7.
8. public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
9. ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
10. factory.setHost("localhost");
11. Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
12. Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
13. // 声明一个匹配模式的交换器
14. channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "topic");
15. String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
16. // 路由关键字
17. String[] routingKeys = new String[]{"*.*.rabbit", "lazy.#"};
18. // 绑定路由关键字
19. for (String bindingKey : routingKeys) {
20. channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, bindingKey);
21. System.out.println("ReceiveLogsTopic2 exchange:"+EXCHANGE_NAME+", queue:"+queueName+", BindRoutingKey:" + bindingKey);
22. }
23.
24. System.out.println("ReceiveLogsTopic2 [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C");
25.
26. Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
27. @Override
28. public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
29. String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
30. System.out.println("ReceiveLogsTopic2 [x] Received '" + envelope.getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
31. }
32. };
33. channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
34. }
35. }
TopicSend.java
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1. import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
2. import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
3. import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
4.
5. public class TopicSend {
6.
7. private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "topic_logs";
8.
9. public static void main(String[] argv) {
10. Connection connection = null;
11. Channel channel = null;
12. try {
13. ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
14. factory.setHost("localhost");
15.
16. connection = factory.newConnection();
17. channel = connection.createChannel();
18. // 声明一个匹配模式的交换器
19. channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "topic");
20.
21. // 待发送的消息
22. String[] routingKeys = new String[]{"quick.orange.rabbit",
23. "lazy.orange.elephant",
24. "quick.orange.fox",
25. "lazy.brown.fox",
26. "quick.brown.fox",
27. "quick.orange.male.rabbit",
28. "lazy.orange.male.rabbit"};
29. // 发送消息
30. for(String severity :routingKeys){
31. String message = "From "+severity+" routingKey' s message!";
32. channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, severity, null, message.getBytes());
33. System.out.println("TopicSend [x] Sent '" + severity + "':'" + message + "'");
34. }
35.
36. } catch (Exception e) {
37. e.printStackTrace();
38. } finally {
39. if (connection != null) {
40. try {
41. connection.close();
42. } catch (Exception ignore) {
43. }
44. }
45. }
46. }
47. }
先运行ReceiveLogsTopic1.java
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1. ReceiveLogsTopic1 [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C
再运行ReceiveLogsTopic2
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1. ReceiveLogsTopic2 exchange:topic_logs, queue:amq.gen-JwqUJNUGpdFGkeY5B6TsLw, BindRoutingKey:*.*.rabbit
2. ReceiveLogsTopic2 exchange:topic_logs, queue:amq.gen-JwqUJNUGpdFGkeY5B6TsLw, BindRoutingKey:lazy.#
3. ReceiveLogsTopic2 [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C
然后运行TopicSend.java发送7条消息
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1. TopicSend [x] Sent 'quick.orange.rabbit':'From quick.orange.rabbit routingKey' s message!'
2. TopicSend [x] Sent 'lazy.orange.elephant':'From lazy.orange.elephant routingKey' s message!'
3. TopicSend [x] Sent 'quick.orange.fox':'From quick.orange.fox routingKey' s message!'
4. TopicSend [x] Sent 'lazy.brown.fox':'From lazy.brown.fox routingKey' s message!'
5. TopicSend [x] Sent 'quick.brown.fox':'From quick.brown.fox routingKey' s message!'
6. TopicSend [x] Sent 'quick.orange.male.rabbit':'From quick.orange.male.rabbit routingKey' s message!'
7. TopicSend [x] Sent 'lazy.orange.male.rabbit':'From lazy.orange.male.rabbit routingKey' s message!'
再看ReceiveLogsTopic1.java,收到3条匹配的消息。
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1. ReceiveLogsTopic1 [x] Received 'quick.orange.rabbit':'From quick.orange.rabbit routingKey' s message!'
2. ReceiveLogsTopic1 [x] Received 'lazy.orange.elephant':'From lazy.orange.elephant routingKey' s message!'
3. ReceiveLogsTopic1 [x] Received 'quick.orange.fox':'From quick.orange.fox routingKey' s message!'
再看ReceiveLogsTopic2.java,收到4条匹配的消息。
[plain] view plain copy
1. ReceiveLogsTopic2 [x] Received 'quick.orange.rabbit':'From quick.orange.rabbit routingKey' s message!'
2. ReceiveLogsTopic2 [x] Received 'lazy.orange.elephant':'From lazy.orange.elephant routingKey' s message!'
3. ReceiveLogsTopic2 [x] Received 'lazy.brown.fox':'From lazy.brown.fox routingKey' s message!'
4. ReceiveLogsTopic2 [x] Received 'lazy.orange.male.rabbit':'From lazy.orange.male.rabbit routingKey' s message!'
最后,咱们来开动脑筋看看下面的题,当是我留的课外作业:
1. 在匹配交互器模式下,消费者端路由关键字 “*”能接收到生产者端发来路由关键字为空的消息吗?
2. 在匹配交换器模式下,消费者端路由关键字“#.*”能接收到生产者端以“..”为关键字的消息吗?如果发送来的消息只有一个单词,能匹配上吗?
3. “a.*.#” 与 “a.#” 有什么不同吗?