WPF-25 UDP协议

用户数据报协议 (UDP，User Datagram Protocol) 是一种简单协议，非常适合用于将数据传递到远程主机。由于 UDP 协议是一种无连接协议，因此发送到远程主机的 UDP 数据不一定能到达，也无法保证能以相同顺序到达。使用 UDP 的应用程序必须做好处理丢失、重复和乱序的数据报的准备。

我们来模拟一个简单业务场景，比如我们将服务器端 电脑名称/端口/服务名广播到12593端口，我们新建一个Console应用程序作为SyncServer服务： 

using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
namespace SyncServer
{
    public class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Thread thread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(BroadcastIPAddress));
            thread.IsBackground = true;
            thread.Name = "#BroadcastIPAddress";
            thread.Priority = ThreadPriority.Lowest;
            thread.Start();
            Console.WriteLine("Start Broadcast");
            Console.Read();
        }
        private static void BroadcastIPAddress()
        {
            Socket s = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Dgram, ProtocolType.Udp);
            try
            {
                IPEndPoint ip = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Broadcast, 12593);
                string machineName = Environment.MachineName;
                s.MulticastLoopback = true;
                s.EnableBroadcast = true;
                var broadCastMessage = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(string.Format("{0}:{1}:{2}", machineName, "8080", "SyncServer"));
                while (true)
                {
                    s.SendTo(broadCastMessage, ip);
                    Thread.Sleep(1000);
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
            }
            finally
            {
                s.Close();
            }
        }
    }
}

我们新建WPF客户端应用程序命名为Client，在12593端口上接收信息:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Windows;
namespace Client
{
    public partial class MainWindow : Window
    {
        public MainWindow()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            Loaded += MainWindow_Loaded;
        }
        private void MainWindow_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            Thread thread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(RefreshServers));
            thread.IsBackground = true;
            thread.Name = "#RefreshPosServers";
            thread.Start();
        }
        private void RefreshServers()
        {
            Socket s = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Dgram, ProtocolType.Udp);
            EndPoint rip = null;
            try
            {
                s.Bind(new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, 12593));
                rip = (EndPoint)(new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, 0));
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                return;
            }
            try
            {
                byte[] buf = new byte[100];
                int r = 0;
                while (true)
                {
                    r = s.ReceiveFrom(buf,ref rip);
                    var ip = ((IPEndPoint)rip).Address.ToString();
                    var message = Encoding.Default.GetString(buf, 0, r);
                    if (Dispatcher.CheckAccess())
                    {
                        ReloadData(message);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(new Action<string>(ReloadData), message);
                    }
                    Thread.Sleep(2000);
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)/*Timeout exception*/
            {
                System.Diagnostics.Debug.Print(ex.ToString());
            }
        }
        public void ReloadData(object message)
        {
            txtMessage.Text += message + "\r\n";
        }
    }
}

上面代码我们创建Socket对象绑定到12593端口来接收广播信息，Dispatcher.CheckAccess()代码表示是否与UI线程关联，如果关联可以直接调用UI上控件，否则需要通过Dispatcher.BeginInvoke方法访问UI元素。

下图为演示效果：

传输层有两个主要协议：面向连接TCP，TCP则是可靠传输协议，在传输过程中保证了消息的可靠性和有序性。无连接UDP，UDP只管将信息发出去，而不管对方是否收到该信息所以不可靠。在速度方面TCP要比UDP慢，因为TCP要创建连接以及保证消息的可靠性和有序性，需要额外做很多事情，UDP则不用。在重量级方面TCP则比UDP更重，因为TCP报头要比UDP多。UDP应用场景主要有视频会议、语音聊天等速度快，而准确性相对较低的应用场景。