C#/C++等待异步执行async/await?

1.前言
众所周知，C#里面的等待异步执行一般都是用async/await。这个东西的IL代码长篇大论，看着很丑陋的那种。

public static async void ABC()
{
    await Task.Run(() =>
    {
       Console.WriteLine("Call ABC");
    });
}

IL代码：

.custom instance void [System.Runtime]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.AsyncStateMachineAttribute::.ctor(class [System.Runtime]System.Type) = ( 01 00 1E 44 6E 47 75 61 72 64 5F 54 65 73 74 2E   // ...Test.
                                                                                                                                                 50 72 6F 67 72 61 6D 2B 3C 44 45 46 3E 64 5F 5F   // Program+<DEF>d__                                                                                                                                            30 00 00 )                                        // 0..
  .custom instance void [System.Runtime]System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute::.ctor() = ( 01 00 00 00 ) 
  // 代码大小       38 (0x26)
  .maxstack  2
  .locals init (class Test.Program/'<DEF>d__0' V_0)
  IL_0000:  newobj     instance void Test.Program/'<DEF>d__0'::.ctor()
  IL_0005:  stloc.0
  IL_0006:  ldloc.0
  IL_0007:  call       valuetype [System.Runtime]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.AsyncVoidMethodBuilder [System.Runtime]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.AsyncVoidMethodBuilder::Create()
  IL_000c:  stfld      valuetype [System.Runtime]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.AsyncVoidMethodBuilder Test.Program/'<DEF>d__0'::'<>t__builder'
  IL_0011:  ldloc.0
  IL_0012:  ldc.i4.m1
  IL_0013:  stfld      int32 Test.Program/'<DEF>d__0'::'<>1__state'
  IL_0018:  ldloc.0
  IL_0019:  ldflda     valuetype [System.Runtime]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.AsyncVoidMethodBuilder Test.Program/'<DEF>d__0'::'<>t__builder'
  IL_001e:  ldloca.s   V_0
  IL_0020:  call       instance void [System.Runtime]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.AsyncVoidMethodBuilder::Start<class Test.Program/'<DEF>d__0'>(!!0&)
  IL_0025:  ret
} // end of method Program::DEF

C++是怎么实现异步等待的呢？

2.代码

DWORD WINAPI ThreadProc(LPVOID lpParam)
{
  int i = 0;
  while(i < 20)
  {
    printf(" I am from a thread, count = %d \n", i++);
  }
  return 0;
}


int  main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
  HANDLE hThread;
  DWORD dwThreadId;
  
  // 创建一个线程
  hThread = ::CreateThread (
    NULL,    // 默认安全属性
    NULL,    // 默认堆栈大小
    ThreadProc,  // 线程入口地址（执行线程的函数）
    NULL,    // 传给函数的参数
    0,    // 指定线程立即运行
    &dwThreadId);  // 返回线程的ID号
  printf(" Now another thread has been created. ID = %d \n", dwThreadId);


  // 等待新线程运行结束
  ::WaitForSingleObject (hThread, INFINITE);
  ::CloseHandle (hThread);
  return 0;
}

C++里面用一个WaitForSingleObject函数即可等待异步完成。它的第一个参数受信或者第二个参数的时间超时，它就不再等待了。所见即所得，看起来也清爽很多。