Gentoo的安装全过程

 

                                                                                                 Gentoo的安装全过程

 1.设置GRUB引导
         编辑 C:/men.list 文件
 2.新建分区:
         fdisk /dev/sda     [N]磁盘分区  [L新建逻辑分区   [P]新建主分区  [P]查看
 3. 格式化:
         mkreiserfs /dev/sda9  格式化 / 分区
         mkswap /dev/sda8      激活 swap 分区
 4.挂载 "/" 分区:
          mount /dev/sda9 /mnt/gentoo
 5.下载最新 protage 和 stage 解压:
        {下载地址:http://funtoo.org  与 http://softdown.transtone.org}
          tar -xvpf ../stage3.tar.bz2 -C /mnt/gentoo/        解压 stage
    tar -xvpf ../portage.tar.bz2 -C /mnt/gentoo/usr/   解压 portage
 6.挂载dev与proc:
     mount -o bind /dev /mnt/gentoo/dev    
    mount -t proc none /mnt/gentoo/proc
 7.拷贝网络:
     net-setup eth0 设置网络
    cp /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/gentoo/etc/
 8.切换新系统:
        chroot /mnt/gentoo /bin/bash

 9.  此步:  如果是最新的portage就不需要更新:
             cd /usr/portage/
         git checkout funtoo.org
         env-update && source /etc/profile   更新环境变量
 10. 下载内核:
        emerge genkernel-sources     产生/usr/src/linux 文件
 11.编译内核:
        cd /usr/src/linux  内核文件目录
    make menuconfig    内核编译

             gentoo linux kernel

   General setup  --->                                           一般配置
               <*>kernel.config support
             <*>Enable access to config through /proc/config.gz
   Processor type and reatures  ----->                           CPU配置
        Proceesor family (586/k5/5X86/6X86/6X86MX)---->                CPU型号
               （选择相应的一项)
      < >Inter microcode Patch loading support Inter                 cpu 支持
       <*>AMD  microcode Patch loading support Amd               cpu 支持
   Power managtment and ACPI options ----->                        电源管理
         CPU Frequerncy Scaling ----->         
             < >Eanble cpufreq debagging                        cpu频率变换测试
             <*>cpu frequency translation statistcs
             <*>cpu frequency translation statistcs details
   Derice Drivers  ----->                                     硬件驱动
        <*>serial ATA (pcod) and pcrellel ATA cexperime ---->        硬盘
                 <*>Inter ESB ICH PIIX3........ATA/SATA Support
                 <*>Nvidia PATA support
              <*>AMD/Nrdla PATA Support
              <M>Inter PATA old pzzxsupport
              < >Inter SCH PATA Support
        <*>Network device support ----网络设备驱动
             <*>Universal TUR/TAP device support
             <*>Ethernet  (10 or 100Mbit)--->
                 <*>   Sun Happy Meal 10/100baseT support
            <*>     AMD PCnet32 PCI support
            <*>   nForce Ethernet support
            [*]   EISA, VLB, PCI and on board controllers
            [*]   "Tulip" family network device support  ----->
            [*]   3COM cards
             < >Ethernet (1000 Mbit) ----->
             < >Ethernet (10000 Mbit) ---->
             < >FDDI dnver support
             < >Token Rlng drivers support ----->
             <*>PPP (point-to-point protall) support
            [*]     PPP multilink support (EXPERIMENTAL)                 
              [*]     PPP filtering                                          
                  <*>     PPP support for async serial ports                     
                  <*>     PPP support for sync tty ports                         
                    <*>     PPP Deflate compression                               
                   <*>     PPP BSD-Compress compression                           
                     <*>     PPP MPPE compression (encryption) (EXPERIMENTAL)         
                  <*>     PPP over Ethernet (EXPERIMENTAL)                       
                  <*>     PPP over L2TP (EXPERIMENTAL)
        <*>sound card support -------->                     声卡驱动
             <*>Adrunced Linux sound Architeechare ----->
                 <*>PCI sound devices ------>
                      <*>Intel HD Audio ------>
                            <*>Build nudcp interfacefor HD-addiodnia
                            <*>Allow dynaunic codec recontigation cexp
                            <*>Enable generc(HL) arcdo cadec parser
        GRAPics support ------->                         显卡驱动
                 <*>support for frame butter devices  -------->
                           < >Enable Tile Blitting support
                      <*>userspce VESA.VGA gra phice support
                      <*>rirtual Frame butter support conlYfortesol
            < >   nVidia Framebuffer Support
            < >   nVidia Riva support
                      <*>NVIDIA PATA support                     AMD的显卡驱动
                 console display derrer support------>
                       <*>Frame butter console support
                       <*>Map the console-to the primay dispcycha
                       <*>Franebutter console Rotation
  <*>Networking support ------->                     网络支持
            Networking options ------->
                      <*>IP.tunneling
                      <*>IP.GRE tunnels over IP
                      <*>IP.ARP duenon support(EROERINENTAL)
                      <>The IPv6 Protocol--------
                      <*>802.ld Ethernet Bridging
                      <*>802.lQ VLAN support
                     <*>Network packet filteng fromework(Netfiter)-------->
                      <*>Adrancel netfilter continguration
                      core netfilter configuration  --全选
                      IP:Netfilter contiguration    --全选

  File Systems----->                                     文件系统
           <*>TheExtendcldl4 (ext4)filesystem                  是EXT4的全选
           < >JBD (ext3) debgging support
           < >JBD (ext4) debgging support(NEW)
           <*>Reiserfs support
                 < >Enable reiserfs bebug mode<NEW>
                 <*>stats in/proc/fs/reiserfs
                <*>Reistrfs exended ateributes
           <*>Reuserfs PosixAccess control Lists
           <*>Reiserfs security Labels
           <M>FUSE (filesystem in user sjpace) support
           DOS/FATINT Filesystems ---------->
                 (936)Default codepage for FAT
                 (utf8)DEFAULT iochorset for FAT
           -*-Native language suport---->
                <*>sinpiitedchinesecharset (CPBC GB2312)
            (utf8) Default NLS Option                                     
              <*>   Codepage 437 (United States, Canada)
        <*>   NLS UTF-8
     ---------------内核编译完成-----------------
 12.编译完成后:
     make && make modules_install
 13.拷贝内核:
     cp arch/x86/boot/bzImage /boot/kernel

 14.生成initramfs-genkernel-x86-2.6.29-gentoo-r1
         genkernel --splash=livecd-2007.0 ramdisk

 15.修改fstab文件:
       nano /etc/fstab
       /dev/sda9      /         reiserfs       notail,noatime     1 2
       /dev/sda8     nano       swap           sw
 16.修改C:/men.list 文件
        mkdir /mnt/c         创建目录 c
       mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/c   挂载windos的c盘
    nano /mnt/c/men.list
         #title Gentoo Linux
        #root (hd0,8)
        #kernel /boot/kernel root=/dev/ram0 real_root=/dev/sda9
        #initrd /boot/initramfs-genkernel-x86-2.6.29-gentoo-r1
 17.修改make.conf文件:
         nano /etc/make.conf
          These settings were set by the catalyst build script that automatically built$
        # Please consult /etc/make.conf.example for a more detailed example
        CFLAGS="-O2 -march=i686 -pipe "
        CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu"
        CXXFLAGS="${CFLAGS}"
        MAKEOPTS="-j2"
        LC_ALL="C"
        LINGUAS="zh_CN"

 18.自动启动网络:
        dhcpcd eth0   

 19.手动配置网络:
      1).  nano /etc/conf.d/net   网络配置文件
            config_eth0=("192.168.1.110/24")    添加IP地址
            routes_eth0=("default via 192.168.1.1")  添加网关
      2). nano /etc/resolv.conf
              # Generated by dhcpcd
            # /etc/resolv.conf.head can replace this line
            # /etc/resolv.conf.tail can replace this line
                   nameserver 208.67.222.222      添加DNS
            nameserver 208.67.220.220
      3). 手动启动网络:
           /etc/init.d/net.eth0 start    启动第一块网卡
           rc-update add net.eth0 default   开机自动启动网络
 20.语言设置:      
    1) nano /etc/locale.gen  语言配置文件
          zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8
    2) nano /etc/env.d/02locale
          LC_CTYPE=zh_CN.UTF-8
          LC_ALL="zh_CN.UTF-8"
          LANG="zh_CN.UTF-8"
 21.安装字体:
           emerge fontconfig (wqy-zenhei  wqy-bitmapconft)
            emerge droid           
                 emerge ttf-bitstream-vera
                 env-update && source /etc/profil  更新环境变量
              locale-gentoo   启用文字
 22.安装图形界面工具:

          emerge  xorg-server  安装图形插件
          emerge  xfce4 (gnome,lxde,kde) 桌面环境

 23.桌面主题:

        emerge  splash-themes-livecd
        emerge  splash-themes-gentoo

 24.系统小软件安装:
                   [ eix     查看软件    ncdu  查看文件大小      htop    查看进程 qlist  查看关联文件目录   
              [ fcitx | ibus-table-wubi  五笔    screen 标签窗口
               [ ntfs-3g  挂载工具  partimage  备份   icons 图标  openoffice-bin 办公软件  cursrs 鼠标指针
        emerge --- [ mplayer  播放器     gsopcast  网络电视   alsamixer  音频    audacious  音频播放器
             [ vsftpd  ftp服务器   lftp 客户端  apache 网页服务器 mysql 数据库服务====>phpmyadmin (emerge --config mysql 初始化设置)
              [ mozill-firefox  火狐浏览器  adobe-flash flash插件
               [ v86d   开机动画     world  全部软件包的集合
     [ virtualbox-bin  虚拟机---->(modprobe vboxdrv    modprobe vboxnec 模块添加)
              [ ssh 远程桌面   p7zip 解压工具

常用的配置文件：
 网卡：/etc/conf.d/net
 DNS:  /etc/resolv.conf
 xorg: /etc/X11/xorg.conf
  字体: /etc/font/local.conf
 中文: /etc/local.gen
 主机名：/etc/conf.d/hostname  /etc/host
 文件挂载：/etc/fstab
 模块挂载：/etc/conf.d/modules
 nano:  /etc/nanorc
 eix:   /etc/eixrc
        qlist: /etc/qlistrc
  sudo:  /etc/sudorc
 apache: /etc/apache2/httpd.conf
 vsftpd: /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
 dhcp: /etc/dhcp/dhcp.conf
 tftp-hpa: /etc/conf.d/in.ftpd
 ssh: /etc/ssh/sshd.conf
 mysql: /etc/mysql/my.conf
 nfs-utils: /etc/exports
 系统主题：/etc/share/themes

编译模块： module-rebuild rebuild


添加平铺窗口：nano .xinitrc   ===> awesome
 
官方3D加速：openGL xorg-x11 mesc-progs    
            eselect opengl list 查看  set 1-9 选择

桌面环境： gnome    kde      xfce4     lxde

gtk桌面主题： gtk-engines-murrin      gtk-engines


输入|输出设备：
 
  [ hald    USB设备
  [ mouse  鼠标
INPUT_DEVICES===[ keyboard 键盘
  [ evdev  热插拔驱动
 

重建软件：revdep-rebuild


通用驱动：vesa fbdev