本文将指导大家如何使用Spring MVC3去构建一个Web应用。在Spring MVC中,所有的用户请求都会被派发到控制器模块,控制器然后再根据业务逻辑去调用数据访问层获得数据,最后通过JSP视图返回。
在动手之前,我们先准备好我们的环境,需要的是JDK 1.5以上以及Eclipse IDE(或者Myeclipse),当然还要下载最新版本的Spring 3,本文还要下载最新版本的ant,以便我们学习如何通过ant去构建应用。
Spring MVC3构建Web应用第一步
首先在Eclipse中利用新建菜单,建立一个Dynamic Web Project(动态Web工程),命名为SampleSpringMVC,接下来,我们要建立一个ant.xml的文件,这个文件会方便我们把做好的程序打包成war文件,这个可以有如下几步去实现:
1、点文件—新建—文件,如下图:
2、输入ant.xml作为文件名,并点完成。如下图:
3、打开ant.xml文件,编辑内容如下:
- <?xml version="1.0"?>
- <!-- Copyright : adobocode.com , 2010 -->
- <project name="SampleSpringMVC" basedir="." default="build">
- <property file="ant.properties" />
- <property name="src.dir" value="src" />
- <property name="war.dir" value="WebContent" />
- <property name="build.dir" value="${war.dir}/WEB-INF/classes" />
- <property name="deploy.path" value="${tomcat.home}/webapps" />
- <property name="name" value="SampleSpringMVC" />
- <path id="master-classpath">
- <fileset dir="${war.dir}/WEB-INF/lib">
- <include name="*.jar" />
- </fileset>
- <fileset dir="${tomcat.home}/lib">
- <include name="servlet*.jar" />
- </fileset>
- <pathelement path="${build.dir}" />
- </path>
- <target name="build" description="Compile main source tree java files">
- <echo>Building...</echo>
- <mkdir dir="${build.dir}" />
- <javac destdir="${build.dir}" failonerror="true">
- <src path="${src.dir}" />
- <classpath refid="master-classpath" />
- </javac>
- </target>
- <target name="war-archiving">
- <echo>Archiving...</echo>
- <war destfile="${name}.war" webxml="${war.dir}/WEB-INF/web.xml">
- <fileset dir="${war.dir}">
- <include name="**/*.*" />
- </fileset>
- </war>
- </target>
- <target name="deploy" depends="build">
- <echo>Deploying...</echo>
- <copy todir="${deploy.path}">
- <fileset dir=".">
- <include name="*.war" />
- </fileset>
- </copy>
- </target>
- </project>
Spring MVC3构建Web应用第二步
建立一个ant.properties文件,该文件会存放一些值的属性,并且这些值也会是ant.xml中用到的。请按如下步骤实现:
1)点文件—新建-文件
2) 将文件命名为ant.properties,并点完成,如下图:
3)打开ant.properties,修改tomcat.home的目录为你安装tomcat的实际目录。
- tomcat.home=D:/Program Files/apache-tomcat-6.0.37
- tomcat.lib=${tomcat.home}/lib
下载下面列表的.jar文件,并放到SampleSpringMVC/war/WEB-INF/lib下。
2 jstl - api - 1.2 .jar
3 jstl.jar
4 org.springframework.asm - 3.0 . 5 .RELEASE.jar
5 org.springframework.beans - 3.0 . 5 .RELEASE.jar
6 org.springframework.context - 3.0 . 5 .RELEASE.jar
7 org.springframework.core - 3.0 . 5 .RELEASE.jar
8 org.springframework.expression - 3.0 . 5 .RELEASE.jar
9 org.springframework.web - 3.0 . 5 .RELEASE.jar
10 org.springframework.web.servlet - 3.0 . 5 .RELEASE.jar
11 standard.jar
按如下修改web.xml:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
- http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
- <servlet>
- <servlet-name>SampleSpringMVC</servlet-name>
- <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
- </servlet>
- <servlet-mapping>
- <servlet-name>SampleSpringMVC</servlet-name>
- <url-pattern>*.htm</url-pattern>
- </servlet-mapping>
- </web-app>
创建index.jsp,这个只需要在war/WEB-INF下建立即可,并且将内容设置为如下:
- <%@ page language="java" session="false"
- contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"%>
- <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%>
- <html>
- <head>
- <title>Adobocode : Sample Spring MVC</title>
- </head>
- <body>
- <h2>Adobocode : Hello World</h2>
- <br />
- <a href="<c:url value="personDisplay.htm"/>">Person List</a>
- </body>
- </html>
Spring MVC3构建Web应用第三步
在SampleSpringMVC/war/WEB-INF中建立文件SampleSpringMVC-servlet.xml,并将内容修改如下:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <!-- Copyright : adobocode.com , 2010 -->
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
- xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
- xsi:schemaLocation="
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
- <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping"/>
- <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter"/>
- <context:component-scan base-package="paul.sydney.controller"/>
- <context:component-scan base-package="paul.sydney.service"/>
- <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
- <property name="viewClass"><value>org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView</value></property>
- <property name="prefix"><value>/WEB-INF/jsp/</value></property>
- <property name="suffix"><value>.jsp</value></property>
- </bean>
- </beans>
这里,我们利用了spring 3 mvc的新特性,自动扫描,通过context:component-scan base-package,设置了paul.syney.controller和paul.sydney.service两个包下的文件只要使用spring 3的标准注释都可以被扫描到。
在SampleSpringMVC/war/WEB-INF下建立目录jsp;
在SampleSpringMVC/war/WEB-INF下建立目录classes;
在SampleSpringMVC/war/WEB-INF/jsp下建立一个新的jsp文件叫personDisplay,并写入如下代码:
- <!-- Copyright : adobocode.com , 2010 -->
- <%@ page language="java" session="false"
- contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"%>
- <%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
- <jsp:useBean id="personList" scope="request" type="java.util.List" />
- <html>
- <head>
- <title>Adobocode : Sample Spring MVC using JSTL iteration</title>
- </head>
- <body>
- <h2>Adobocode : Person List</h2>
- <table border="1">
- <tr>
- <th>Id</th>
- <th>Name</th>
- <th>Age</th>
- <th>Address</th>
- </tr>
- <c:forEach var="p" items="${personList}">
- <tr>
- <td>
- <c:url var="editUrl" value="personForm.htm">
- <c:param name="personId" value="${p.id}" />
- </c:url>
- <a href='<c:out value="${editUrl}"/>'>${p.id}</a>
- </td>
- <td>${p.name}</td>
- <td>${p.age}</td>
- <td>${p.address}</td>
- </tr>
- </c:forEach>
- </table>
- </body>
- </html>
在SampleSpringMVC/war/WEB-INF/jsp下建立一个新的jsp文件叫personForm,修改代码如下:
- <!-- Copyright : adobocode.com , 2010 -->
- <%@ page language="java" session="false"
- contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"%>
- <%@ taglib prefix="spring" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags"%>
- <%@ taglib prefix="form" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form"%>
- <html>
- <head>
- <title>Adobocode : Sample Spring MVC using Forms</title>
- </head>
- <body>
- <h2>Adobocode : Person Form</h2>
- <form:form modelAttribute="person">
- <form:hidden path="id" />
- <fieldset>
- <table>
- <tr>
- <td>Name</td>
- <td><form:input path="name" />
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>Age</td>
- <td><form:input path="age" />
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>Address</td>
- <td><form:input path="address" />
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td></td>
- <td><input type="submit" id="save" name="_eventId_save"
- value="Save" /> <input type="submit" onClick="history.go(-1);"
- name="_eventId_cancel" value="Cancel" /></td>
- </tr>
- </table>
- </fieldset>
- </form:form>
- </body>
- </html>
Spring MVC3构建Web应用第四步
现在我们开始设计控制器,鼠标右击src目录,选择新建-包,如下图:
并将包的名命名为paul.sydney.controller,在这个包中,新建立一个类,命名为PersonDisplay,将代码修改如下:
- package paul.sydney.controller;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
- import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
- import paul.sydney.service.DummyService;
- @Controller
- public class PersonDisplay {
- private final DummyService dummyService;
- @Autowired
- public PersonDisplay(DummyService dummyService) {
- this.dummyService = dummyService;
- }
- @RequestMapping("/personDisplay.htm")
- public ModelMap defaultHandler() {
- return new ModelMap("personList", this.dummyService.getDummyList());
- }
- }
这里,使用注解@Controller表示这个是一个控制器,而 @RequestMapping("/personDisplay.htm")则表示对于personDisplay.htm这样的请求,使用defaultHandler这个方法去处理。而在defaultHandler中,又调用了逻辑服务层的
dummyService.getDummyList()方法获得人员列表,最后把列表存放到一个ModelMap中去(可以先理解为Map的一种数据结构)。
同样地,在paul.sydney.controller包中,新建一个类PersonForm,并将代码修改如下:
- package paul.sydney.controller;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
- import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
- import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.SessionAttributes;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.support.SessionStatus;
- import paul.sydney.model.Person;
- import paul.sydney.service.DummyService;
- @Controller
- @RequestMapping("/personForm.htm")
- @SessionAttributes("person")
- public class PersonForm {
- private final DummyService dummyService;
- @Autowired
- public PersonForm(DummyService dummyService) {
- this.dummyService = dummyService;
- }
- @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)
- public String setupForm(@RequestParam("personId") int id, ModelMap model) {
- Person person = this.dummyService.retrievePerson(id);
- model.addAttribute("person", person);
- return "personForm";
- }
- @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.POST)
- public String processSubmit(@ModelAttribute("person") Person person,
- BindingResult result, SessionStatus status) {
- this.dummyService.savePerson(person);
- status.setComplete();
- return "redirect:personDisplay.htm";
- }
- }
这里,首先通过依赖注入,注入了服务层逻辑dummyService,然后在setupForm中,根据传入的参数personId,通过服务层逻辑dummyService找出这个人,然后将其保存到一个Model中去,返回给视图层personForm.jsp显示;而processSubmit是调用服务层逻辑保存用户的资料(通过this.dummyService.savePerson(person)实现),最后使用redirect跳转到personDisplay.htm。
Spring MVC3构建Web应用第五步
构建业务实体模型。在src目录中,新建包命名为paul.sydney.model,在这个包下,再新建一个实体类,命名为Person,修改代码如下:
- package paul.sydney.model;
- public class Person {
- private int id;
- private String name;
- private int age;
- private String address;
- public int getId() {
- return id;
- }
- public void setId(int id) {
- this.id = id;
- }
- public String getName() {
- return name;
- }
- public void setName(String name) {
- this.name = name;
- }
- public int getAge() {
- return age;
- }
- public void setAge(int age) {
- this.age = age;
- }
- public String getAddress() {
- return address;
- }
- public void setAddress(String address) {
- this.address = address;
- }
- @Override
- public String toString() {
- StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
- sb.append("\nname : " + this.name);
- sb.append("\nage : " + this.age);
- sb.append("\naddress : " + this.address);
- return sb.toString();
- }
- }
构建业务逻辑层。同样在src目录下新建一个包,命名为paul.sydney.service,并且新建一个类DummyService,代码如下:
- package paul.sydney.service;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.List;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
- import paul.sydney.model.Person;
- @Service
- public class DummyService {
- /**
- * This method supposed to be returning a Collection of Person objects from
- * a DAO layer For this tutorial, let us just hard-code this List of Person
- * objects
- */
- public List<Person> getDummyList() {
- List<Person> list = new ArrayList<Person>();
- Person p1 = new Person();
- p1.setId(12345);
- p1.setName("Paul");
- p1.setAge(27);
- p1.setAddress("Dalaguete, Cebu");
- Person p2 = new Person();
- p2.setId(54321);
- p2.setName("Sydney");
- p2.setAge(25);
- p2.setAddress("Cebu City");
- list.add(p1);
- list.add(p2);
- return list;
- }
- /**
- * This method supposed to be returning Person object from a DAO layer For
- * this tutorial, let us just hard-code the Person instance
- */
- public Person retrievePerson(int id) {
- Person person = new Person();
- person.setId(56789);
- person.setName("Nikki");
- person.setAge(63);
- person.setAddress("Dalaguete, Cebu");
- return person;
- }
- /**
- * This method supposed to be persisting the passed Person object For this
- * tutorial, let us include the persisting DAO layer and assume the method
- * successful saved or updated the Person object
- */
- public void savePerson(Person person) {
- System.out.println("\n\nSaving" + person);
- }
- }
在这里,只是简单的在一个List中存放了多个person对象而已。
最后,项目的结构如下图:
接着,我们右击ant.xml,选择Run As->Ant Build,如下图:
Spring MVC3构建Web应用第六步
接着在编辑对话菜单中,记得选择build,war-archiving及deploy,如下图:
最后点RUN,运行脚本,然后我们就可以在浏览器中运行了,如下图:
点Person List,可以看到如下的人员列表:
点其中的一个ID,可以进入如下页面:
这里可以修改个人信息,并点保存,跳转到人员列表页面,并可以看到所做的更改。
总结:
Spring MVC3中大量使用了注解去简化了编程,本文只是做了一个初步入门的导学。