java ExecutorService与Executors学习总结

由于所做的一个功能模块需要以非常高的频率处理数据, 所以决定采用线程池来做. 

刚好前一段时间使用netty做了一个长连接服务器,  当中有这样一段话, 

// 建立通道工厂
        ChannelFactory factory = new NioServerSocketChannelFactory(
                Executors.newCachedThreadPool(),
                Executors.newCachedThreadPool());

        ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap(factory);

绿色部分, 引出以下几个要学习了解的知识点:

1. Executors是什么?

2. Executors.newCachedThreadPool() 返回的ExecutorService 是什么

3. 二者如何组合使用

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1. 类 Executors

此类中提供的一些方法有：

1.1 public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool()

创建一个可根据需要创建新线程的线程池，但是在以前构造的线程可用时将重用它们。对于执行很多短期异步任务的程序而言，这些线程池通常可提高程序性能。

 

1.2 public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads)

创建一个可重用固定线程数的线程池，以共享的无界队列方式来运行这些线程。

 

1.3 public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor()

创建一个使用单个 worker 线程的 Executor，以无界队列方式来运行该线程。

这三个方法都可以配合接口 ThreadFactory 的实例一起使用。并且返回一个 ExecutorService 接口的实例。

2. 接口 ThreadFactory

根据需要创建新线程的对象。使用线程工厂就无需再手工编写对 new Thread 的调用了，从而允许应用程序使用特殊的线程子类、属性等等。
此接口最简单的实现就是：

class SimpleThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {
   public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
     return new Thread(r);
   }
 }

3. 接口ExecutorService

该接口提供了管理终止的方法。

4.创建标准线程池启动线程
4.1 提供一个简单的实现Runnable接口的线程

MyThread.java

package com.zj.concurrency.executors;
 
public class MyThread implements Runnable {
    private int count = 1, number;
 
    public MyThread(int num) {
       number = num;
       System.out.println("Create Thread-" + number);
    }
 
    public void run() {
       while (true) {
           System.out.println("Thread-" + number + " run " + count+" time(s)");
           if (++count == 3)
              return;
       }
    }
}

这个线程会打印出相应的创建和执行信息。
 
4.2使用CachedThreadPool启动线程

CachedThreadPool.java

package com.zj.concurrency.executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
 
public class CachedThreadPool {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
       ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
       for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
           exec.execute(new MyThread(i));
       exec.shutdown();
    }
}

结果：

Create Thread-0
Create Thread-1
Create Thread-2
Create Thread-3
Thread-0 run 1 time(s)
Thread-0 run 2 time(s)
Thread-1 run 1 time(s)
Thread-1 run 2 time(s)
Thread-2 run 1 time(s)
Thread-2 run 2 time(s)
Create Thread-4
Thread-4 run 1 time(s)
Thread-4 run 2 time(s)
Thread-3 run 1 time(s)
Thread-3 run 2 time(s)

4.3 使用FixedThreadPool启动线程

FixedThreadPool.java

package com.zj.concurrency.executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
 
public class FixedThreadPool {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
       ExecutorService exec = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
       for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
           exec.execute(new MyThread(i));
       exec.shutdown();
    }
}

结果：

Create Thread-0
Create Thread-1
Create Thread-2
Create Thread-3
Create Thread-4
Thread-0 run 1 time(s)
Thread-0 run 2 time(s)
Thread-2 run 1 time(s)
Thread-2 run 2 time(s)
Thread-3 run 1 time(s)
Thread-3 run 2 time(s)
Thread-4 run 1 time(s)
Thread-4 run 2 time(s)
Thread-1 run 1 time(s)
Thread-1 run 2 time(s)

 
4.4 使用SingleThreadExecutor启动线程

SingleThreadExecutor.java

package com.zj.concurrency.executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
 
public class SingleThreadExecutor {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
       ExecutorService exec = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
       for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
           exec.execute(new MyThread(i));
       exec.shutdown();
    }
}

结果：

Create Thread-0
Create Thread-1
Create Thread-2
Create Thread-3
Create Thread-4
Thread-0 run 1 time(s)
Thread-0 run 2 time(s)
Thread-1 run 1 time(s)
Thread-1 run 2 time(s)
Thread-2 run 1 time(s)
Thread-2 run 2 time(s)
Thread-3 run 1 time(s)
Thread-3 run 2 time(s)
Thread-4 run 1 time(s)
Thread-4 run 2 time(s)

5.配合ThreadFactory接口的使用
我们试图给线程加入daemon和priority的属性设置。

5.1设置后台线程属性

DaemonThreadFactory.java

package com.zj.concurrency.executors.factory;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
 
public class DaemonThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {
    public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
       Thread t = new Thread(r);
       t.setDaemon(true);
       return t;
    }
}

5.2 设置优先级属性
最高优先级

MaxPriorityThreadFactory.java

package com.zj.concurrency.executors.factory;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
 
public class MaxPriorityThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {
    public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
       Thread t = new Thread(r);
       t.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);
       return t;
    }
}

最低优先级MinPriorityThreadFactory.java

package com.zj.concurrency.executors.factory;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
 
public class MinPriorityThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {
    public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
       Thread t = new Thread(r);
       t.setPriority(Thread.MIN_PRIORITY);
       return t;
    }
}

5.3启动带有属性设置的线程

ExecFromFactory.java

package com.zj.concurrency.executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import com.zj.concurrency.executors.factory.DaemonThreadFactory;
import com.zj.concurrency.executors.factory.MaxPriorityThreadFactory;
import com.zj.concurrency.executors.factory.MinPriorityThreadFactory;
 
public class ExecFromFactory {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
       ExecutorService defaultExec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
       ExecutorService daemonExec = Executors
              .newCachedThreadPool(new DaemonThreadFactory());
       ExecutorService maxPriorityExec = Executors
              .newCachedThreadPool(new MaxPriorityThreadFactory());
       ExecutorService minPriorityExec = Executors
              .newCachedThreadPool(new MinPriorityThreadFactory());
       for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
           daemonExec.execute(new MyThread(i));
       for (int i = 10; i < 20; i++)
           if (i == 10)
              maxPriorityExec.execute(new MyThread(i));
           else if (i == 11)
              minPriorityExec.execute(new MyThread(i));
           else
              defaultExec.execute(new MyThread(i));
    }
}

结果：

Create Thread-0
Create Thread-1
Create Thread-2
Create Thread-3
Thread-0 run 1 time(s)
Thread-0 run 2 time(s)
Thread-1 run 1 time(s)
Thread-1 run 2 time(s)
Thread-2 run 1 time(s)
Thread-2 run 2 time(s)
Create Thread-4
Thread-4 run 1 time(s)
Thread-4 run 2 time(s)
Create Thread-5
Thread-5 run 1 time(s)
Thread-5 run 2 time(s)
Create Thread-6
Create Thread-7
Thread-7 run 1 time(s)
Thread-7 run 2 time(s)
Create Thread-8
Thread-8 run 1 time(s)
Thread-8 run 2 time(s)
Create Thread-9
Create Thread-10
Thread-10 run 1 time(s)
Thread-10 run 2 time(s)
Create Thread-11
Thread-9 run 1 time(s)
Thread-9 run 2 time(s)
Thread-6 run 1 time(s)
Thread-6 run 2 time(s)
Thread-3 run 1 time(s)
Thread-3 run 2 time(s)
Create Thread-12
Create Thread-13
Create Thread-14
Thread-12 run 1 time(s)
Thread-12 run 2 time(s)
Thread-13 run 1 time(s)
Thread-13 run 2 time(s)
Create Thread-15
Thread-15 run 1 time(s)
Thread-15 run 2 time(s)
Create Thread-16
Thread-16 run 1 time(s)
Thread-16 run 2 time(s)
Create Thread-17
Create Thread-18
Create Thread-19
Thread-14 run 1 time(s)
Thread-14 run 2 time(s)
Thread-17 run 1 time(s)
Thread-17 run 2 time(s)
Thread-18 run 1 time(s)
Thread-18 run 2 time(s)
Thread-19 run 1 time(s)
Thread-19 run 2 time(s)
Thread-11 run 1 time(s)
Thread-11 run 2 time(s)

更多推荐文章:

http://www.cnblogs.com/yezhenhan/archive/2012/01/07/2315645.html