LESSON 4 SERVICES AND CONNECTIONS part VI

4.1.7 DHCP
DHCP or Dynamic Host configuration Protocol allows for IP addresses to be dynamically
allocated within a network. The network is given a block of IP addresses for its use. When a
computer joins the network, it is assigned an IP address. When a computer leaves, its IP
address becomes available for use by another computer.
This is useful for large networks of computers, since it is not necessary for each computer to
have an individually assigned, static IP address. Instead, you use a DHCP server. When a new
computer connects to the network, the first thing that it does is request an IP address from the
DHCP server. Once it has been assigned an IP address, the computer then has access to all
the services of the network.

 

4.7 DHCP

DHCP 或者动态主机配置协议允许IP地址动态分配到网络中。网络中有大量的IP地址。当一台电脑入网时会分配一个

IP地址。当一台电脑离开时，它的IP地址会被其它的电脑使用。

自从每个电脑没必要都有分配一个静态IP地址后，这种方法对大的计算机网络很有用。需要使用DHCP服务器。

当一台新电脑接入网络是，需要做的第一件事就是从DHCP服务器得到一个IP地址。一旦它分配了一个IP地址后，电脑

就能接触网络中的所有服务器。

 

4.2 Connections
Most computers connect to the Internet through a modem. Modems translate the digital
signals produced by computers into analog signals that can be transmitted across commonly
available telephone lines. Modem speeds are measured in baud or bits per second. Higher
baud rates are better, since they allow for faster transmission of data, but you must also
consider what you are planning to do. There are certain applications – such as telnetting into
MUDs – for which a twenty year old 300 baud modem would still be acceptable (provided
your typing speed wasn't so good), while high bandwidth applications such as streaming
video can often strain even the most powerful cable modems.

 

4.2 连接

大多数的电脑通过一个调制解调器连接到网络中。调制解调器将电脑产生的数字信号转换成能通过电话线传播的

模拟信号。调制解调器速率单位为波特或位每秒。高一点的波特率会更好，因为数据的传输速度会更快，但你必须

知道你将做什么。有某种应用—例如远程登录MUDs—用了20年的300波特的调制解调器都能用（但传输速度不会好），

然而高带宽的应用比如流媒体需要最强大的电缆调制解调器。

（这一段翻译的很晕，不懂到底什么意思~~~~~~）

 

4.2.1 ISPs
You don't just call up the Internet. You need to access a server that will connect your
computer to the Internet. The server does all the heavy work, like being on all the time. The
server is run by an ISP or Internet Service Provider.
An ISP has a point-of-presence on the Internet that is constant, and it has servers that run the
services you are going to use. Now, you can run these services on your own. For example, you
can run a mail server on your local computer, but it will require you to have your computer
powered up and connected to a network all the time, just waiting for those brief moments
when information has to be exchanged. An ISP, however, consolidates the efforts of a large
number of users, so the mail server is working all the time, instead of sitting around, doing
nothing. Additionally, an ISP's computers are going to use a high speed connection to
connect to a NAP or Network Access Point. These NAPs then interconnect with each other
through ultra-high speed connections called backbones. This is the Internet.

 

4.2.1 ISPs

你不能直接连接网络，你需要登陆一个能将你的电脑连接到电脑上的服务器。该服务器做所有繁重的工作，每时每刻

都要保持正常运行状态。该服务器由一个网络服务提供者运行。

一个网络服务提供者必须永远在网络上。它有服务器来运行你要用的服务器。现在你可以自己运行这些服务器。例如，

你可以在你的电脑上运行一个电子邮件服务器，但是你需要开机并且始终连接到网络中，为的是等待交换信息的短暂

时刻。一个网络服务提供者巩固完善大量用户的努力，所以电子邮件服务器始终处在工作状态，而不是无所事事。

另外，网络服务提供者的电脑需要用一个更高速的连接去连接一个网络接入点。这些网络接入点通过超高速的中枢网络

互连。这就是因特网。