Java 实现对Arrays类 自定义 排序sort的2种方法

一、实现Comparable接口(用于类之间的排序)：

 假设有Employee类，有name和salary字段，

需要实现Comparable<T>接口：

 
 

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     public 
     
     class Employee implements Comparable<Employee> {
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
    
     
     private String name;
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
    
     
     private 
     
     double salary;
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
    
     
     public Employee() {
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         }
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
    
     
     public Employee(String name, double salary) {
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
        
     
     this.name = name;
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
        
     
     this.salary = salary;
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         }
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
    
     
     public void raiseSalary(double byPercent) {
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
        
     
     double raise = salary * byPercent / 
     
     100;
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
             salary += raise;
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         }
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
    
     
     /*
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         * Compares employees by salary
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         * @param other another Employee object
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         * return a negative value if this employee has a lower salary than
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         * otherObject , 0 if the salaries are the same, a positive value otherwise
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         */
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
    
     
     public int compareTo(Employee other) {
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
        
     
     return Double.compare(salary, other.salary);
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         }
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
    
     
     public String getName() {
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
        
     
     return name;
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         }
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
    
     
     public void setName(String name) {
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
        
     
     this.name = name;
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         }
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
    
     
     public double getSalary() {
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
        
     
     return salary;
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         }
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
    
     
     public void setSalary(double salary) {
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
        
     
     this.salary = salary;
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         }
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     }
    
    
   
   
 
 

假设希望根据雇员的薪水进行比较，要实现compareTo方法：

 
 

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     public int compareTo(Object otherObject)
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     {
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         Employee other = (Employee) otherObject;
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
    
     
     return Double.compare(salary, other.salary);
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     }
    
    
   
   
 
 

我们来测试一下，这个比较排序是否能成功：

 
 

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     import java.util.Arrays;
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     public 
     
     class Test {
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
    
     
     public static void main(String[] args) {
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
             Employee[] staff = 
     
     new Employee[
     
     5];
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
             staff[
     
     0] = 
     
     new Employee(
     
     "Harry Hacker", 
     
     35000);
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
             staff[
     
     1] = 
     
     new Employee(
     
     "Carl Cracker", 
     
     75000);
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
             staff[
     
     2] = 
     
     new Employee(
     
     "Tony Tester", 
     
     38000);
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
             staff[
     
     3] = 
     
     new Employee(
     
     "Tony Bool", 
     
     48000);
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
             staff[
     
     4] = 
     
     new Employee(
     
     "June Bo", 
     
     48001);
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
             Arrays.sort(staff);
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
        
     
     // print out information about all Employee objects
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
        
     
     for (Employee e : staff) {
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
                 System.out.println(
     
     "name=" + e.getName() + 
     
     " , salary=" + e.getSalary());
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
             }
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         }
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     }
    
    
   
   
 
 

输出结果为：

 
 

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     name=Harry Hacker , salary=
     
     35000.0
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     name=Tony Tester , salary=
     
     38000.0
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     name=Tony Bool , salary=
     
     48000.0
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     name=June Bo , salary=
     
     48001.0
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     name=Carl Cracker , salary=
     
     75000.0
    
    
   
   
 
 

排序是可以的。

所以，排序可以实现Comparable接口，然后自定义compareTo方法即可（因为sort方法要有提供对象比较的方式）。

 

二、使用比较器（comparator）作为sort的参数（用于单个类型的排序）：

比较器实现了Comparator接口

如： 需要按照字符的长度递增来进行排序：

 
 

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     import java.util.Arrays;
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     import java.util.Comparator;
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     public 
     
     class Test {
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
    
     
     public static void main(String[] args) {
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
             String[] friends = { 
     
     "Peter", 
     
     "Paulllll", 
     
     "Mary" };
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
             Arrays.sort(friends, 
     
     new LengthComparator());
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
        
     
     for (String f : friends) {
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
                 System.out.print(f + 
     
     " ");
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
             }
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         }
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
    
     
     static 
     
     class LengthComparator implements Comparator<String>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         {
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
        
     
     public int compare(String first, String second) {
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
            
     
     return first.length()- second.length();
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
             }
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         }
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     }
    
    
   
   
 
 

输出结果为：

Mary Peter Paulllll 
 
 

排序按字符长度递增顺序。

 

如果只是需要按照字符的字典顺序排序的话，则不需要实现Comparator:

 
 

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     public 
     
     class Test {
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
    
     
     public static void main(String[] args) {
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
             String[] friends = { 
     
     "Peter", 
     
     "Paulllll", 
     
     "Mary",
     
     "ziqizh" ,
     
     "yoyo"};
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
             Arrays.sort(friends);
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
        
     
     for (String f : friends) {
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
                 System.out.print(f + 
     
     " ");
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
             }
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         }
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
    
     
     static 
     
     class LengthComparator implements Comparator<String>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         {
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
        
     
     public int compare(String first, String second) {
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
            
     
     return first.length()- second.length();
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
             }
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         }
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     }
    
    
   
   
 
 

输出结果为：

 
 

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     Mary Paulllll Peter yoyo ziqizh 
    
    
   
   
 
 

 

C++也有类似的排序，单个类型或者是结构体都可以，自己写一个比较函数cmp，作为sort的参数排序即可。

 

Java内容具体可以参照《Java核心技术卷1》6.2章节